bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

ABSTRACT Per-and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that used to make fluoropolymer coatings found in many products, such as non-stick pans, clothing, cosmetics, and food packaging. These highly persistent molecules known “forever chemicals” since they neither degrade environmentally nor break down enzymatically within biological systems. PFAS compounds readily contaminate water sources, a result, certain have bioaccumulated exposed species including humans. The purpose of this study was define the effect two molecules, ostensibly more toxic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) recent, reportedly safer chemical hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer (Gen X), on development Lytechinus variegatus sea urchin embryos. We examined effects PFOA Gen X patterning using morphological analysis, immunostaining, HCR-FISH, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). results show both teratogenic each function at different intervals during provoke distinct phenotypic gene expression outcomes. Despite beliefs would be alternative, our findings indicate has earlier severe endomesoderm dorsal-ventral axis specification, neural function, pattern formation compared PFOA. illustrate dangerous potential accumulating like X, underscoring negative ecological implications accompany continuing commercial industrial use absence remediation strategies. HIGHLIGHTS is urchins than acts perturbs axial germ layer specification Each reduces numbers ciliary behavior swimming

Language: Английский