Biosystems Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(4)

Published: Nov. 3, 2024

Chlorine is an essential nutrient, a deficiency of which reduces plant productivity. Chlorine-containing substances have been known and used for long time. The most common chlorine compound, sodium chloride (table salt), has in use since ancient times. It was as early 3000 BC brine 6000 BC. Cl are mentioned texts from different cultures. discovery 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He obtained it reacting pyrolusite (manganese dioxide, MnO 2 ) with hydrochloric acid (HCl, then muriatic acid). Scheele thought that the gas produced contained oxygen. Sir Humphry Davy's proposal confirmation 1810 element, he also named element. considered biologically importa nt element almost its discovery. Research into effects fertilisers carried out second half last century. In 1949, Warburg argued important trace growth showed necessary water distribution system at site photosystem II oxidation. 1954 Broyer et al. finally demonstrated biological importance plants. Chloride abundant inorganic anion cells, available agrophytocenoses. average - content plants ranges 2.0 – 20.0 mg / g DM, but Cl-sensitive Cl-tolerant glycophyte species, critical (often toxic) Cl-content tissues can be around 4 7 15 35 respectively. characteristic symptoms: wilting, numerous spots, reduced performs wide range functions plants, primarily forming turgor osmoregulation, respectively, affecting transport processes on membranes (plasmalemma, tonoplast, etc.), & nitrogen efficiency (WUE NUE), affects functioning II, therefore part agricultural stimulates structural functional role plasma membrane, sugar transport, well fixation assimilation plant. Nitrogen , photorespiration become more efficient when fed chloride. Recent studies discussed photorespiration. shown plays oxygen-evolving complex adjusting affinity amino residues manganese (Mn). acts counterion, balancing positive charges potassium (K⁺) other cations maintaining electrical neutrality proper ionic balance cells. significant soil salinity. Sources include mineral weathering, marine species anthropogenic pollution. Fertilisers such help to increase soil. Planting salt-tolerant crops maintain productivity saline soils. sensitivity varies according type crop. Some tolerate higher levels without adverse effects, while others sensitive may show symptoms toxicity or retardation exposed concentrations. Understanding response specific development nutrient systems irrigation practices. increases resistance diseases require relatively large amounts . These doses much than those required lower induce salinity control effects. Most research nutrition devoted studying effect incidence physiological leaf spot (PLS) cereals. PLS form leaves cereal there lack nutritional systems. necrosis develops Cl-deficient associated accumulation H O during release Mn cluster complex. Physiological spotting completely/partially transparent dots/spots observed, indicate inhibition chlorophyll synthesis rather degradation. Given micromolar concentrations easily leached through profile, occurs growing season, period generative development, initial mechanism formation transparent/translucent spots. these spots grain filling, significantly accelerated high actinic light and, accordingly, limit their quality. A possible component damage wheat cereals application phosphate fertilizers fluoride content, rock, etc. Therefore, technologies, advisable low monophosphate. fertilisers, mainly basic application, ammonium chloride, calcium foliar provide season WUE NUE, resi s tance pathogens, PLS, crops. Chlorine's increasing NUE particularly country's profitable crop production face resource shortages.

Language: Английский