Overlooked Impact of Moisture on the Stability of Printing Ink and Its Impact on Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Quality DOI Open Access

Jinyang Guo,

Willi L. Wagner, Iryna Atamaniuk

et al.

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(23), P. 3234 - 3234

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Printing inks, composed of binders, pigments, and additives, are essential components in plastic packaging but complicate recycling due to contamination degradation. While polyolefins resistant hydrolytic degradation, moisture generated from upstream cleaning processes, which is often ignored, can accelerate the degradation ink affecting recyclate quality. This study has examined impact 3 wt.% moisture, introduced before extrusion, on nitrocellulose (NC), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) binders mixed with virgin, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at varying concentrations simulate levels. Control samples were prepared by extrusion under dry conditions using p-xylene compare degradation-free conditions. Analyses, including measurement melt-flow index (MFI), tensile testing, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetry analysis), gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) have established that NC fully degraded, causing discoloration altering MFI. Moreover, PU degrades mainly presence contrary previous findings. In contrast, PVB does not degrade exhibits modified mechanical properties; whereas, CAP shows minimal impact. The findings this research demonstrate critical role determining recyclability, informing strategies for selection processes facilitate circularity.

Language: Английский

Progress in Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Organic Dye by Utilising the Silver doped Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite. DOI Creative Commons
Vinayak Nikam,

Chin Wei Lai,

Mohd Rafie Johan

et al.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(24), P. e40998 - e40998

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Industrial organic dyes represent a significant portion of pollutants discharged into the environment, particularly by textile industry. These compounds pose serious threats to living organisms due their high toxicity. Various techniques have been explored for degradation dyes, among which heterogeneous photocatalysis utilising titanium dioxide (TiO

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Contaminant detection in flexible polypropylene packaging waste using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning DOI Creative Commons
Giuseppe Bonifazi, Giuseppe Capobianco, Paola Cucuzza

et al.

Waste Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 264 - 274

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Flexible plastic packaging (FPP) constitutes one of the largest post-consumer streams processed in recycling facilities. To address key challenges its sorting and quality control, this study developed tested a classification procedure based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI), combined with machine learning. The aim was to automatically detect contaminants (i.e., other polymers materials) within polypropylene (PP) stream FPP waste (FPPW). Hyperspectral images representative FPPW samples PP were acquired short-wave infrared range (SWIR: 1000-2500 nm) preprocessed using different combinations algorithms emphasize their spectral characteristics. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied as exploratory data followed by application hierarchical model, partial least squares-discriminant (Hi-PLS-DA), differentiate between materials considered contaminants, including polyethylene, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, cellulose, polyurethane, aluminum multilayer films. results showed accuracy 87.5 %, 147 out 168 flakes correctly identified, verified Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, demonstrating model robust performance distinguishing from materials. Assuming all identified particles are properly sorted, is predicted achieve Recovery 98.2 % weight for PP, indicating minimal material losses, Grade 94.4 weight, representing significant improvement compared 77.2 initial feed stream. This work demonstrated effectiveness HSI Hi-PLS-DA developing an automatic efficient and/or control process FPPW, minor errors occurring filaments flakes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Use of Chemiluminescence Nitrogen Oxides Analysis for the Study of the Decomposition of Nitrocellulose DOI Creative Commons

Ian Norman Duncan Wallace,

Nathalie Mai, Philip P. Gill

et al.

Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 2, 2025

ABSTRACT Understanding the decomposition of nitrocellulose (NC) and other nitrate esters within storage usage temperature ranges is essential for managing service life safety (NC)‐containing formulations. High‐temperature studies often fail to reflect typical conditions due temperature‐dependent mechanisms. This study uses chemiluminescence nitrogen oxides (NO x ) analysers examine NC decomposition, measuring NO evolution across a wide range. From 20°C 135°C, modes include thermolysis, hydrolysis, physical desorption. Results show can desorb from at ambient temperatures, potentially misleading traditional stability tests. The quantity generated depends on material history be reduced by pre‐test procedures. While thermolysis dominates higher temperatures with an activation energy 140 kJ.mol −1 , hydrolysis predominant lower 46 . low should considered in any assessment predictions. In this regime, moisture significantly affects rates, especially below 50°C. Whilst rate increases presence moisture, process unaffected. Chemiluminescence analysis has proven powerful tool studying low‐temperature behaviours NC‐containing innovative approach not only enhances understanding but also offers more efficient accurate method assessing

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Pigment removal from reverse-printed laminated flexible films by solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation DOI Creative Commons
Tianwei Yan, Charles Granger, Kevin L. Sánchez‐Rivera

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(11)

Published: March 14, 2025

The solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) process separates recovers the constituent resins in multilayer plastic packaging films by selective polymer dissolution. In this work, cause of coloring STRAP-recycled polyethylene (PE) from postindustrial printed was identified as decomposed diarylide pigments. Two different approaches are needed to completely remove dissolved colorants during STRAP including (i) adding an activated carbon (AC) adsorbent solvent after dissolution (ii) proper mechanical filtration polymer-solvent cake much possible. Colorless recycled PE can be produced a combination proposed (choosing solvent, AC adsorbent, doing filtration) with minimal accumulation solvents. This study demonstrated that high-quality low-density obtained films, enhancing potential circularity these materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Screening green solvents for multilayer plastic film recycling processes DOI
Ugochukwu M. Ikegwu, Aurora del Carmen Munguía-López, Ví­ctor M. Zavala

et al.

Computers & Chemical Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109129 - 109129

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
RecyQMeter: Application-specific quality of recycled plastics DOI Creative Commons
Milad Golkaram,

Ruben Demets,

Jack Vogels

et al.

Waste Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 114846 - 114846

Published: May 1, 2025

Objectively quantifying the quality of recyclates and finding suitable applications for individual products is challenging in plastics recycling. Confronted with ambitious targets recycled content, industry urgently needs a robust method to understand plastics. This study describes RecyQMeter tool, which was developed address this challenge help recyclers position their secondary materials an appropriate market. contains first-of-its-kind extensive application-property matrix, large dataset application-specific material requirements obtained through data mining, expert interviews, literature searches modeling. generates value between 0 1, refers relative virgin used different market applications. Additionally, tool can be automatically estimate substitution ratios life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. makes significant step forward standardizing recycling supporting decision makers achieving higher circularity sector database, ease use, transparent calculations, comprehensive approach.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Investigation of the Impact of Single and Double Filtration Systems on Post-Consumer PE Film Waste DOI Open Access
Johanna Langwieser, Joerg Fischer

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2238 - 2238

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Due to the diversity of plastic film waste streams available on market and associated variety contaminants’ size number, use melt filtration is necessary. Currently, single double systems are state art in recycling industry, depending application produced post-consumer recyclate (PCR). Using PCR for thin films demands small contamination sizes, which easier reach using a second step. In case relatively clean input materials, it must be investigated whether additional load from filter has counterproductive effect material would sufficient. For this paper, polyethylene (PE) stemming separate collection Austria was processed an industrial-sized machine with different combinations sizes systems. Melt flow rate (MFR), ash content, oxidation onset temperature (OOT), optical contaminant detection were measured investigate influence The investigation showed that, even though amount reduced, had distinct specific properties.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Synthesis of acrylic water-based inks for plastic films: Tuning binder's properties by low temperature self-crosslinking of allyl acetoacetate-hexamethylenediamine DOI

Xiyao Tian,

Junchao Zhang, Jiajun Li

et al.

Progress in Organic Coatings, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 197, P. 108776 - 108776

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Understanding de-inking in packaging plastic recycling: Bridging the gap in resource conservation and establishing average hazard quotient DOI Creative Commons
Shafeeq Ahmed Syed Ali, I.M.S.K. Ilankoon, Lian Zhang

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 479, P. 135554 - 135554

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Achieving circularity in the plastic economy predominantly depends on sourcing higher quality recyclates. Packaging poses a significant challenge as it is often not prioritised for collection or recycling initiatives. The presence of additives, such printing ink, impedes Considering volume packaging plastics and importance branding (aesthetics consumer information), ink removal critical pre-treatment step. However, literature limited, with only 14 studies exploring de-inking processes. Drawing parallels detergent laundering process, surfactants have been widely investigated de-inking, cationic proving most effective efficiency up to 100%. concerns exist regarding toxic hazardous nature chemicals. average hazard quotient (AHQ) was developed, which compares chemicals one key findings. AHQ provides quantitative proxy hazards toxicities, are qualitatively presented part globally harmonised system (GHS) classification To drive emerging including development green (e.g. gamma-valerolactone), this work enables an informed chemical selection minimising potential (rather than creating more adverse effects processes) toxicities from waste, fulfilling objectives cleaner waste recycling.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Overlooked Impact of Moisture on the Stability of Printing Ink and Its Impact on Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Quality DOI Open Access

Jinyang Guo,

Willi L. Wagner, Iryna Atamaniuk

et al.

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(23), P. 3234 - 3234

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Printing inks, composed of binders, pigments, and additives, are essential components in plastic packaging but complicate recycling due to contamination degradation. While polyolefins resistant hydrolytic degradation, moisture generated from upstream cleaning processes, which is often ignored, can accelerate the degradation ink affecting recyclate quality. This study has examined impact 3 wt.% moisture, introduced before extrusion, on nitrocellulose (NC), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) binders mixed with virgin, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at varying concentrations simulate levels. Control samples were prepared by extrusion under dry conditions using p-xylene compare degradation-free conditions. Analyses, including measurement melt-flow index (MFI), tensile testing, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetry analysis), gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) have established that NC fully degraded, causing discoloration altering MFI. Moreover, PU degrades mainly presence contrary previous findings. In contrast, PVB does not degrade exhibits modified mechanical properties; whereas, CAP shows minimal impact. The findings this research demonstrate critical role determining recyclability, informing strategies for selection processes facilitate circularity.

Language: Английский

Citations

0