The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID

Health Economics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID in Germany a sample individuals above age 60. In ordinary least squares regressions, we find that, this group, one more year goes along with 0.7 percentage point increase likelihood to get vaccination. two stage regressions where changes compulsory schooling laws are used as exogenous variation for education, an additional is estimated be zero. The results hold compliers policy change which older at lowest margin education.

Language: Английский

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Area-related sociodemographic factors and the risk of severe COVID-19: a longitudinal study of the total adult population in Sweden

Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 15

Published: May 15, 2025

For public health purposes, it is essential to understand which population groups and their areas of residence are affected by a disease as COVID-19 what extent these reached preventive measures. We investigated how individual-level area-level characteristics associated with morbidity vaccine uptake. A population-based observational study including the total adult age 18 older in Sweden from 1 January 2020 April 2022, except individuals living nursing homes. Associations between both individual (hospitalisation, admission intensive care unit death) uptake were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity socioeconomic demographic factors. In fully model, hazard ratio (HR) hospitalisation was 34% lower most affluent neighbourhoods (HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.63-0.68) compared deprived neighbourhoods. (ICU)-admission death, risks 53% 0.47, 0.42-0.53) 47% 0.53, 0.48-0.59) lower, respectively. When stratified cross-classified sociodemographics, this pattern consistent within all strata. composite measurement had better predictive value single Living substantially higher risk hospitalisation, ICU-admission, mortality This factor remained strong even when taking level into account strata

Language: Английский

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Better off by risk adjustment? Socioeconomic disparities in care utilization in Sweden following a payment reform

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2024

Abstract Reducing socioeconomic health inequalities is a key goal of most systems. A challenge in this regard that healthcare providers may have incentives to avoid or undertreat patients who are relatively costly treat. Due the gradient health, individuals with low status (SES) especially likely be negatively affected by such attempts. To counter these incentives, payments often risk adjusted based on patient characteristics. However, empirical evidence lacking how, if, adjustment affects care utilization. We examine if novel model primary differences utilization among chronic condition. The new implied capitation—the monthly reimbursement paid authority for each enrolled patient—increased substantially chronically ill low‐SES patients. Yet, we do not find any robust their access improved relative high SES, and no effects adverse events (hospitalizations). These results suggest did reduce existing inequalities, indicating need more targeted interventions reach groups.

Language: Английский

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Inability to start or complete upper secondary school strongly predicts unemployment and psychosocial and psychiatric adversities – A register‐based follow‐up study from southwestern Sweden

Acta Paediatrica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 4, 2024

Abstract Aim To study academic, social and psychiatric outcomes among adults in the general population southwestern Sweden. Groups of individuals born 1998 ineligible, eligible but not completed, completed upper secondary school were followed 2020. Methods Data retrieved from Statistics Sweden, Swedish National Agency for Education, Longitudinal Integrated Database Health Insurance Labour Market Studies, Crime Register Patient Register. The four adverse neither engaging post‐secondary studies nor having a regular salary, needing benefits, any criminal conviction, disorder at age ≥16 examined. Results Of final sample 2706 who had attended 9th grade compulsory 2014, 273 (10%) ineligible school. individuals, 82 (3%) never started, 282 did complete 2065 (77%) Compared with completers, odds ratios markedly increased all other groups up to 22 years old. Conclusion Inability start or strongly predicted unemployment psychosocial adversities. School authorities should consider offering vocational programmes post without restrictions.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive flexibility predicts attitudes towards vaccination: evidence from a New Zealand sample

BMC Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy (the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate) poses a significant threat public health worldwide, with declining vaccination coverage resulting in the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g., measles) recent years. Despite efforts combat vaccine through information-based campaigns and other interventions, vaccine-hesitant attitudes persist. Given that such interventions likely expose individuals information conflicts their own viewpoints about vaccination, cognitive flexibility – ability adapt one’s thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, behavior response changing environmental demands may play role hesitancy. Methods The current study investigated relationship between towards sample New Zealand residents ( N = 601). Cognitive was measured using perseverative responses Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task, were an adapted version Multidimensional Hesitancy Scale (MVHS). Linear regression used MVHS scores as dependent variable sociodemographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, education level, religion) predictors. Results predicted personal barriers (e.g.,” vaccines go against my beliefs”), participants lower levels reporting greater barriers. In contrast, there no external “vaccines cost too much”). Additionally, religious reported overall higher than non-religious participants. Conclusions These findings join others demonstrating individual differences style are associated tentatively suggest aiming reduce be more effective if combined techniques increase flexibility. To sure, future work is needed test causal vaccination.

Language: Английский

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COVID Vaccine Hesitancy and Long-Term Traffic Risks

The American Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 137(3), P. 227 - 235.e6

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

BackgroundCOVID vaccine hesitancy identifies a discrepancy between personal decisions and public guidelines. We tested whether COVID was associated with the long-term risks of traffic crash.MethodsWe conducted population-based longitudinal cohort analysis adults by determining vaccination status through linkages to electronic medical records. Traffic crashes requiring emergency care were defined multicenter outcome ascertainment all hospitals throughout region over subsequent year.ResultsWe identified 11,598,549 total individuals, whom 1,210,754 had not received vaccine. A 54,558 subsequently injured in during 1-year follow-up interval, equal risk 4704 per million. Those who 58% higher than those (6983 vs 4438 million, P < .001). The increased among unvaccinated individuals included diverse subgroups, accentuated for single-vehicle crashes, extended fatal outcomes, exceeded sleep apnea, persisted after adjustment baseline characteristics. validated analyses using Artificial Intelligence techniques generally larger other adverse events frequently ascribed vaccination.ConclusionsCOVID is significant crash. greater awareness might encourage patients take protective actions safety.

Language: Английский

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Risiko- und Krisenkommunikation während der Corona-Pandemie

Monitor Versorgungsforschung, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(03), P. 39 - 48

Published: April 2, 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic presented major challenges to science and society worldwide. In a context of great scientific uncertainty, decisions had be made urgently explained carefully while risks communicated clearly. such situation, it is almost inevitable that judgements will change during the course time also retrospectively mistakes can’t avoided. order prevent repeating potential learn from them for future, we believe particularly important discuss communication decision-making processes controversially, examine in detail subject systematic analysis. With this article, would like encourage discussion by providing some examples -in our view- problematic aspects crisis public authorities, politicians media Germany. We are aware view process subjective. understand presentation harmonization complementary perspectives on management as an iterative should continued with further articles.

Language: Английский

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