World Journal of Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(2), P. 241 - 256
Published: Jan. 5, 2023
The
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
has
been
a
serious
threat
to
global
health
for
nearly
3
years.
In
addition
pulmonary
complications,
liver
injury
is
not
uncommon
in
patients
with
novel
COVID-19.
Although
the
prevalence
of
varies
widely
among
COVID-19
patients,
its
incidence
significantly
increased
severe
cases.
Hence,
there
an
urgent
need
understand
caused
by
Clinical
features
include
detectable
function
abnormalities
and
imaging
changes.
Liver
tests,
computed
tomography
scans,
ultrasound
can
help
evaluate
injury.
Risk
factors
male
sex,
preexisting
including
transplantation
chronic
disease,
diabetes,
obesity,
hypertension.
To
date,
mechanism
COVID-19-related
fully
understood.
Its
pathophysiological
basis
generally
be
explained
systemic
inflammatory
response,
hypoxic
damage,
ischemia-reperfusion
injury,
drug
side
effects.
this
review,
we
systematically
summarize
existing
literature
on
COVID-19,
clinical
features,
underlying
mechanisms,
potential
risk
factors.
Finally,
discuss
management
provide
recommendations
care
World Journal of Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(2), P. 257 - 271
Published: Jan. 5, 2023
The
new
coronavirus
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
was
identified
in
December
2019,
Wuhan,
China.
virus
rapidly
spread
worldwide,
causing
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic.
Although
COVID-19
is
presented,
usually,
with
typical
symptoms
(i.e.,
dyspnea,
cough)
and
fever,
extrapulmonary
manifestations
are
also
encountered.
Liver
injury
a
common
feature
patients
ranges
from
mild
temporary
elevation
of
liver
enzymes
to
and,
even,
failure.
pathogenesis
damage
not
clearly
defined;
multiple
mechanisms
contribute
disorder,
including
direct
cytopathic
viral
effect,
cytokine
storm
immune-mediated
hepatitis,
hypoxic
injury,
drug-induced
toxicity.
Patients
underlying
chronic
cirrhosis,
non-alcoholic
fatty
disease,
alcohol-related
hepatocellular
carcinoma,
etc.)
may
have
greater
risk
develop
both
further
deterioration,
as
consequence,
certain
issues
should
be
considered
during
management.
aim
this
review
present
the
prevalence,
clinical
manifestation
pathophysiological
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
Moreover,
we
overview
association
between
infection
briefly
discuss
management
COVID-19.
World Journal of Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(2), P. 241 - 256
Published: Jan. 5, 2023
The
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
has
been
a
serious
threat
to
global
health
for
nearly
3
years.
In
addition
pulmonary
complications,
liver
injury
is
not
uncommon
in
patients
with
novel
COVID-19.
Although
the
prevalence
of
varies
widely
among
COVID-19
patients,
its
incidence
significantly
increased
severe
cases.
Hence,
there
an
urgent
need
understand
caused
by
Clinical
features
include
detectable
function
abnormalities
and
imaging
changes.
Liver
tests,
computed
tomography
scans,
ultrasound
can
help
evaluate
injury.
Risk
factors
male
sex,
preexisting
including
transplantation
chronic
disease,
diabetes,
obesity,
hypertension.
To
date,
mechanism
COVID-19-related
fully
understood.
Its
pathophysiological
basis
generally
be
explained
systemic
inflammatory
response,
hypoxic
damage,
ischemia-reperfusion
injury,
drug
side
effects.
this
review,
we
systematically
summarize
existing
literature
on
COVID-19,
clinical
features,
underlying
mechanisms,
potential
risk
factors.
Finally,
discuss
management
provide
recommendations
care
