PET-Assessed Metabolic Tumor Volume Across the Spectrum of Solid-Organ Malignancies: A Review of the Literature

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Solid-organ malignancies represent a significant disease burden and remain one of the leading causes death globally. In past few decades, rapid evolution imaging modalities has shifted paradigm towards image-based precision medicine, especially in care patients with solid-organ malignancies. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) is such semi-quantitative parameter obtained from positron emission tomography (PET) 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) that been shown to have implications clinical oncology setting. Across various solid malignancies, including lung cancer, head neck breast esophageal colorectal current literature demonstrated an association between MTV outcomes. may be used conjunction several existing established parameters help inform risk stratification treatment strategies predict outcomes cancer. Optimizing volumetric paramount for advancing efforts advance cancer our patients. While advancements are made, it important investigate address limitations MTV, variability terms measurement methods, lack standardized cut-off values, impact inherent heterogeneity. Despite these limitations, which can precipitate challenges standardization, as prognostic factor great potential opens avenue future integration technology into medicine model This article serves narrative review explores utility PET-MTV settings malignancy.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the Causal Effect of Circulating Protein‐To‐Protein Ratio on the Risk of Morbidity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancer Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Objective Several observational studies have identified an association between plasma proteins and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship circulating protein‐to‐protein ratio morbidity risk of HCC. Methods Genetic data for 2821 ratios were sourced from UKB PPP Suhre's study. HCC FinnGen cohort (finngen‐R11‐HCC) IEU OpenGWAS project (ieu‐b‐4953). Subsequently, a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) drug‐targeted MR approach used evaluate causality associations. To bolster robustness our findings, we conducted series sensitivity analyses. Results Eight protein–protein pairs as factors in two independent cohorts. For each standard deviation increase pair expression, susceptibility fluctuated 0.4974 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2506–0.9871) LAT2/SPRY2 protein 1.9763 CI: 1.3009–3.0026) ERBIN/LAT2 pair. However, among significant pairs, only one protein, TDRKH (odds ratio: 0.5964, 95% 0.4196–0.8476), was causally associated with Conclusion Using multiple datasets methods, eight having associations Protein–protein interactions can provide meaningful findings beyond simple pQTL analysis.

Language: Английский

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Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: Small steps, while awaiting a breakthrough

Liver Transplantation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 421 - 422

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cirrhosis and complications hepatocellular carcinoma – expanding indications for immunotherapy

Acta Clinica Belgica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 7

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising, with a shift towards Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease becoming the dominant risk factor in Western countries. Significant advances treatment have broadened range available therapeutic options. For this reason, clinical decision-making, along multidisciplinary team approach, plays crucial role improving patient outcomes. Following several landmark trials, immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy has now become established first-line standard care for advanced HCC. Additionally, application immunotherapy shifting to include patients earlier stages Research on combination locoregional therapies intermediate-stage HCC recently reported positive results, and other phase III trials same population early-stage are currently progress. Furthermore, growing number reports support safety efficacy immunotherapeutic agents as potential adjuncts downstaging HCC, thus facilitating successful liver transplantation. We will discuss published ongoing expanding field different

Language: Английский

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Evolving Indications for Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following the Milan Criteria

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 507 - 507

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Background/Objectives: Since their introduction in the 1990s, Milan criteria have been gold standard of indication for liver transplantation (LT) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, several institutions reported wider LT comparable survival outcomes. Methods: This paper summarizes recent indications HCC through a literature review. Results: There are expanding criteria, which can be subdivided into “based on tumor number and size only”, plus markers”, differentiation” groups, outcomes being to those included within criteria. Besides number, biomarkers differentiation. Several retrospective studies microvascular invasion (MVI) as significant risk factor postoperative recurrence, highlighting importance preoperatively predicting MVI. attempted identify preoperative predictive factors MVI using markers or imaging findings. Patients who candidates often treated while waiting list prevent progression reduce measurable disease burden HCC. The repertoire chemotherapeutic regiments suitable should further investigated. Conclusions:

Language: Английский

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TRANSMIT: Utilizing Discarded Livers from Donors with a History of Cancer for Patients Lacking Access to Standard Allocation: A Compassionate Use Exploratory Study

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 101465 - 101465

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

A substantial number of viable donor livers are discarded due to the donor's underlying malignancy. Concurrently, patients with certain liver malignancies - such as unresectable colorectal cancer metastases (CRC-LM), intrahepatic or perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (iCCC/phCCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) responding immunotherapy often face poor survival outcomes and deemed ineligible for potentially curative transplantation. In this context, a rational risk-benefit analysis suggests that transplanting an organ theoretical risk tumor transmission may be justifiable these facing otherwise short-term fatal outcomes. The TRANSMIT study is compassionate use exploratory aimed at assessing utility safety using organs from individuals current past history transplantation in (CRC-LM, i/phCCC, HCC) who not eligible regular allocation. will evaluate utilization rate would discarded, overall survival, progression-free rates one three years, stratified by indication. Donor represent valuable safe resource expanding limited pool, particularly lack access standard

Language: Английский

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New Scenarios in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Liver International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Despite liver transplantation (LT) is considered the optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in patients with impaired function, shortage of donors has forced application very restrictive criteria selecting ideal candidates whom LT can offer best outcome. With evolving landscape due to advent direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) steady increase donors, major efforts have been made expand transplant eligibility HCC. In addition, emergence immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) HCC, demonstrated efficacy earlier stages, revolutionized therapeutic approach these patients, their integration setting challenging. Management immunological compromise from ICIs, including wash‐out period before post‐LT immunosuppression adjustments, crucial balance risk graft rejection against HCC recurrence. Additionally, effects increased on non‐hepatic complications must be understood prevent them becoming obstacles long‐term OS. Methods Results this review, we will evaluate emerging evidence its implications future Addressing novel challenges opportunities, while integrating current clinical predictive algorithms, would ensure a fair between individual patient needs overall population benefit system.

Language: Английский

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Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Expanding Cornerstone of Care in the Era of Immunotherapy

Journal of Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Liver transplantation (LT) has been accepted as a cornerstone of care in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for almost three decades. In recent years, its role evolving to include patients with disease burden beyond the widely used Milan criteria. The integration dynamic biomarkers such alpha-fetoprotein together downstaging approaches and tumor evolution after enlistment allowed selection most likely benefit, resulting 5-year survival rates greater that 70%. With increasing use immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across all stages disease, alone or combination locoregional therapies, there is now potential further expand patient population HCC who may benefit from LT. This brings challenges, given global shortage organs need better understand optimal ICIs before transplantation. Furthermore, field transplant oncology awaits additional can predict those ICIs. More than ever, multidisciplinary approach liver cancer management critical ensure are considered LT where appropriate, do not miss opportunity long-term survival.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a key factor in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy response

Metabolism and Target Organ Damage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4)

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

The conceptual evolution of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to what, since 2023, is called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD) not only represents a change in the classification and definition but also reflects broader understanding this heterogeneous condition, which still with many aspects refine. Although NAFLD can be interchanged high percentage new MASLD concept different aspects, has been proposed as relevant factor that influences response immunotherapeutic treatments management MASLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared HCC other etiologies. This indicates etiology plays role prognosis, highlighting urgency evaluating treatment regimens for subgroup patients upcoming clinical trials. A better pathophysiology generates strategies aid its provide directly intervene carcinogenesis HCC.

Language: Английский

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Role of immunotherapy in managing cancers prior to liver transplantation

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Purpose of review Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and increasingly are being evaluated earlier stage disease. Herein we explore role ICIs pre-liver transplant for liver cancers. Recent findings Given high response rates with combination approaches including locoregional treatments, more patients confined disease, without vascular invasion, who received now rendered eligible potential transplant. This opportunity to expand population may benefit from has also come challenges recognizing global shortage organs. Post-liver immunosuppression potentially competes immune-stimulating effects graft rejection been a concern. provide an maintain on waiting list but understanding is likely needed, circumvent possible toxicities. In addition, considered standard care, chemotherapy, cholangiocarcinoma, where evolving. Summary As eligibility criteria globally setting malignancy continues expand, integration becomes important.

Language: Английский

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