Journal of Flood Risk Management,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(2)
Published: April 25, 2025
ABSTRACT
Urban
floods
are
increasing
due
to
the
intensification
of
precipitation
extremes
in
a
changing
climate
and
intensive
expansion
urbanscapes.
Therefore,
flood
hazards
can
potentially
increase
losses
historical
buildings
cultural
heritage.
In
this
context,
study
proposes
methodology
assess
impact
change
on
urban
flooding
at
district
building
scale.
The
is
applied
Santa
Croce
District,
where
an
extensive
collection
masterpieces
city
Florence
(Italy)
preserved
exposed,
especially
National
Central
Library.
hazard
assessment
obtained
by
using
dual
drainage
hydraulic
model
quantify
flooded
area
within
overflow
sewer
systems.
An
ensemble
34
projections
based
output
from
Phase
6
Climate
Model
Intercomparison
Project
(CMIP6)
two
emission
scenarios,
or
Shared
Socioeconomic
Pathways
(SSP245
SSP585)
time
windows
(2021–2050,
Near
Future,
2071–2100,
Far
Future)
considered
as
input
model.
results
show
that
will
all
SSP585
end
century.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(14), P. 6141 - 6141
Published: July 18, 2024
Extreme
precipitation
and
flooding
frequency
associated
with
global
climate
change
are
expected
to
increase
worldwide,
major
consequences
in
floodplains
areas
susceptible
flooding.
The
purpose
of
this
review
was
examine
the
effects
events
on
changes
soil
properties
their
agricultural
production.
Flooding
is
caused
by
natural
anthropogenic
factors,
can
be
amplified
interactions
between
rainfall
catchments.
impacts
structure
aggregation
altering
resistance
slaking,
which
occurs
when
aggregates
not
strong
enough
withstand
internal
stresses
rapid
water
uptake.
disruption
enhance
erosion
sediment
transport
during
contribute
sedimentation
bodies
degradation
aquatic
ecosystems.
Total
precipitation,
flood
discharge,
total
main
factors
controlling
suspended
mineral-associated
organic
matter,
dissolved
particulate
matter
loads.
Studies
conducted
paddy
rice
cultivation
show
that
flooded
reduced
conditions
neutralize
pH
but
reversible
upon
draining
soil.
In
soil,
nitrogen
cycling
linked
decreases
oxygen,
accumulation
ammonium,
volatilization
ammonia.
Ammonium
primary
form
inorganic
porewaters.
floodplains,
nitrate
removal
enhanced
high
denitrification
intermittent
provides
necessary
anaerobic
conditions.
soils,
reductive
dissolution
minerals
release
phosphorus
(P)
into
solution.
Phosphorus
mobilized
events,
leading
increased
availability
first
weeks
waterlogging,
generally
time.
Rainstorms
promote
subsurface
P-enriched
particles,
colloidal
P
account
for
up
64%
tile
drainage
water.
Anaerobic
microorganisms
prevailing
utilize
alternate
electron
acceptors,
such
as
nitrate,
sulfate,
carbon
dioxide,
energy
production
decomposition.
metabolism
leads
fermentation
by-products,
acids,
methane,
hydrogen
sulfide,
influencing
pH,
redox
potential,
nutrient
availability.
Soil
enzyme
activity
presence
various
microbial
groups,
including
Gram+
Gram−
bacteria
mycorrhizal
fungi,
affected
Waterlogging
β-glucosidase
acid
phosphomonoesterase
increases
N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase
Since
these
enzymes
control
hydrolysis
cellulose,
phosphomonoesters,
chitin,
moisture
content
impact
direction
magnitude
supply
oxygen
submerged
plants
limited
because
its
diffusion
extremely
low,
mitochondrial
respiration
plant
tissues.
Fermentation
only
viable
pathway
plants,
which,
under
prolonged
waterlogging
conditions,
inefficient
results
death.
Seed
germination
also
impaired
stress
due
decreased
sugar
phytohormone
biosynthesis.
sensitivity
different
crops
varies
significantly
across
growth
stages.
Mitigation
adaptation
strategies,
essential
management
agriculture,
resilience
through
improved
practices,
amendments
rehabilitation
techniques,
best
zero
tillage
cover
crops,
development
flood-tolerant
crop
varieties.
Technological
advances
play
a
crucial
role
assessing
dynamics
landscapes.
This
embarks
comprehensive
journey
existing
research
unravel
intricate
interplay
production,
environment.
We
synthesize
available
knowledge
address
critical
gaps
understanding,
identify
methodological
challenges,
propose
future
directions.
Hydrology and earth system sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
26(19), P. 5015 - 5033
Published: Oct. 11, 2022
Abstract.
There
is
serious
concern
that
the
hazard,
or
probability,
of
river
floods
increasing
over
time.
Starting
from
narratives
are
sometimes
discussed
in
public,
article
addresses
three
hypotheses.
The
first
suggests
land-use
changes,
such
as
deforestation,
urbanisation
and
soil
compaction
by
agriculture,
increase
flood
hazards.
This
review
finds
effects
on
particularly
pronounced
small
catchments
since
permeability
plays
an
important
role
infiltration
at
this
scale.
For
regional
floods,
most
extreme
events,
land
use
usually
not
control,
areas
saturation
play
a
greater
runoff
generation,
which
less
dependent
permeability.
second
hypothesis
hydraulic
interventions
structures,
training,
levees
dams,
structures
have
greatest
impact
events
medium
magnitude,
associated
with
return
periods
tens
to
hundreds
years,
their
local.
Long-term
interactions
between
humans
must
be
taken
into
account
when
predicting
future
third
climate
change
increases
hazard.
that,
few
hectares,
hazards
may
due
convective
storms.
In
large
catchments,
where
occur,
changes
necessarily
directly
related
precipitation,
nor
they
rising
air
temperatures,
but
determined
seasonal
interplay
moisture,
snow
precipitation
via
generation.
Increases
decreases
been
observed
worldwide.
It
concluded
significant
progress
has
made
recent
years
understanding
use,
changing
crucial
consider
all
factors
risk
management
communicate
them
general
public
nuanced
way.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 12, 2025
Climate
change
is
expected
to
increase
heavy
rainfall
with
concomitant
increases
in
flooding1.
Causes
of
increased
include
the
higher
water-holding
capacity
a
warmer
atmosphere
and
changes
atmospheric
circulation
patterns2,
which
may
translate
into
future
most
Europe3.
However,
gathering
evidence
on
time
evolution
past
has
been
hampered
by
data
limitations
measurement
uncertainties,
particular
for
short
durations,
such
as
1
h.
Here
we
show
an
8%
daily
15%
hourly
over
last
four
decades
analysing
new
dataset
comprising
883
stations
Austria
from
1900
2023.
These
are
fully
consistent
between
two
independent
networks
occurred
after
retarding
phase
1960
1980.
Hourly
aligned
temperature
sensitivity
7%
per
°C
warming,
line
Clausius–Clapeyron
scaling.
Daily
changes,
however,
indices
little
correlation
air
temperature,
suggests
bigger
role
modes
than
previously
thought.
The
remarkably
observed
flood
about
large
catchments.
similarly
small
catchments,
although
stronger
(25%
decades).
adaptation
measures
management
therefore
be
more
pressing
rivers
draining
smaller
catchment
areas
rivers.
Long-term
precipitation
different
climatic
mechanisms
emphasize
need
adaptation,
especially
catchments
affected
rainfall.
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(2)
Published: Jan. 29, 2024
The
response
to
flood
disasters
is
of
great
importance
protect
people's
lives.
Proper
recognition
the
factors
affecting
floods
will
lead
prevention
negative
consequences.
In
this
study,
three
types
Archimedean
copulas,
including
Clayton,
Gumbel,
and
Frank,
have
been
applied
depth
duration
variables
maximum
annual
precipitation
in
four
rain
gauges'
data
sets
(eight
variables)
throughout
primarily
urban
eastern
catchment
Tehran,
Iran.
results
indicated
that
Gumbel
copula
most
suitable
function
copulas.
average
rainfalls
produced
by
selected
increased
up
24%
compared
with
different
varieties
single-station
scenarios.
Also,
differed
14%
difference
Finally,
volume
surface
flooding
varied
between
+54%
−154%
respect
As
a
result,
taking
into
account
spatial
distribution
rainfall
significant
impact
on
generation
runoff.
overall
pattern
runoff
significantly
influenced
several
factors.
Firstly,
simultaneous
gauge
stations
synthetic
runoffs
plays
crucial
role.
second
factor
within
catchment,
which
interpolation
technique
used.
Additionally,
routing
through
channel
system
also
contributes
Water,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(22), P. 3618 - 3618
Published: Nov. 10, 2022
In
order
to
examine
the
relationship
between
rainfall
return
periods
and
flood
periods,
design
storm
approach
is
compared
rainfall–runoff
continuous
simulation
frequency
analysis
approach.
The
former
was
based
on
event-based
hydrological
simulations,
while
latter
simulations
analysis.
All
were
undertaken
employing
HEC-HMS
software.
For
analysis,
Generalized
Extreme
Value
(GEV)
probability
distribution
used.
both
Type
I
(Gumbel)
GEV
theoretical
distributions
used
each
other.
Flood
hazard
(inundation
depth,
flow
velocities
extent)
estimated
hydrodynamic
HEC-RAS
study
area
Pineios
catchment,
upstream
of
Larissa
city,
Greece.
results
revealed
that
assumption
equivalent
discharge
not
valid
for
area.
instance,
a
50-year
period
corresponds
about
110
years.
Even
if
measurements
are
available,
re-analysis
datasets
may
be
alternatively