Cave art resilience: An interdisciplinary proposal for monitoring the state of conservation in Santimamiñe, Lumentxa, and Altxerri heritage sites (northern Iberian peninsula)

Archaeometry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Abstract The decorated caves contain the earliest artistic expressions of humankind and represent a major cultural heritage. Their significance has been recognized by UNESCO, which declared them World Heritage Site. However, they are extremely fragile environments, exposed to various factors deterioration that threaten their conservation. To implement appropriate protective measures, it is essential understand dynamics these underground systems analyzing both processes shaped current landscape those actively altering today. This task complex, as each cave subject unique combination environmental parameters intrinsic processes, which, in turn, overlap with broader conditions global changes tend affect within same region similar ways. In this research, three were selected for study (Santimamiñe, Altxerri, Lumentxa), where monitored, active described, past events identified. Based on data, macro‐level (entire cave) micro‐level (specific panels) cartographies developed, identifying areas require closer monitoring. assessment was complemented digital colorimetric analysis using microphotographs. results compared previously identified better caves, highlight most vulnerable areas, propose solutions existing conservation issues. Finally, data cross‐referenced previous records caves' identify possible correlations. summary, an present conducted Palaeolithic art Basque Country anticipate potential future scenarios design specific protocols ensure optimal preservation. As result, new interdisciplinary programs have can be extended other implemented relevant authorities.

Language: Английский

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Thermal modeling of caves ventilated by chimney effect

International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 109757 - 109757

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Environmental changes influencing middle and late Pleistocene hominin survival in Northeast China: Multi-Proxy evidence from Huadian Paleolithic cave

Journal of Archaeological Science Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 105085 - 105085

Published: March 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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How seasonal hydroclimate variability drives the triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of small lake systems in semiarid environments

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(6), P. 1783 - 1806

Published: April 2, 2025

Abstract. This research investigates the influence of seasonal hydroclimate variability on triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition small, shallow lake systems that show substantial intra-annual interannual fluctuations in water level. The study was conducted at Laguna Honda, a semi-permanent located semiarid Mediterranean environment southern Spain. Over 1 year, level monitored continuously samples from northern margin were taken monthly for major ion concentration analyses. period, dropped 1.4 to 0.6 m, while salinity increased 23 130 g L−1 δ18O, δ2H, 17O excess varied −2 ‰ 15 ‰, −26 51 −9 per meg −87 meg, respectively. Hydrological mass balance calculations indicate precipitation, basin discharge, evaporation control changes inflow other sources, such as groundwater, is absent. water's mainly driven by relative humidity (34 %–73 %), precipitation discharge can cause transitional mixing effects that, however, remain small magnitude (<10 %). In vs. δ′18O space, forms loop evolving low δ18O high winter higher lower summer along convex curvature, then back with beginning subsequent rainy season concave curvature. system allows identification non-steady-state conditions, which challenging using δ2H alone due linearity trends this system. large isotopes should be considered when interpreting data obtained paleo-archives sediments arid environments.

Language: Английский

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Variations in triple oxygen isotope of speleothems from the Asian monsoon region reveal moisture sources over the past 300 years

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Oct. 18, 2023

Abstract Characterization of moisture origins is crucial to understanding hydroclimatic processes. Nevertheless, documenting past atmospheric contents and their sources remains challenging partially due insufficient moisture-tracing proxies. Here, we present triple oxygen isotope compositions in 21 cave speleothems from monsoonal Asia examine spatial origin differences eastern over the 300 years. Our data suggest an isotopic equilibrium fractionation during speleothem formation, thus parent water 17 O anomalies (Δ′ O) values reconstructed preserve information on recycling across space. Notably, Δ′ records exhibit a distinct geographical distribution, with low central-eastern southern China, high northwestern northern relatively Yangtze River region. This pattern underscores diverse influence different regulated by regional hydrological circulation, demonstrates potential use reconstructing cycle at scales.

Language: Английский

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Balancing precision and throughput of δ17O and Δ’17O analysis of natural waters by Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy

MethodsX, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 102150 - 102150

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

δ17O and Δ'17O are emerging tracers increasingly used in isotope hydrology, climatology, biochemistry. Differentiating small relative abundance changes the rare 17O from strong covariance with 18O imposes ultra-high precision requirements for this analysis. Measurements of by Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS) attractive due to ease sample preparation, automated throughput, avoidance chemical conversions needed isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. However, CRDS approach requires trade-offs measurement uncertainty. In protocol document, we present following:•New analytical procedures a software tool conducting measurements CRDS.•Outline robust uncertainty framework determinations.•Description performance optimizing instrumental stability, accuracy.

Language: Английский

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The effect of cave ventilation on carbon and oxygen isotopic fractionation between calcite and drip water

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 915, P. 169967 - 169967

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Impact of water exhaled out by visitors in show caves: a case study from the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(18), P. 27117 - 27135

Published: March 19, 2024

Abstract The anthropogenic impact of the water and CO 2 exhaled by visitors was studied in show caves Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), especially Balcarka Výpustek Caves. Two alternative models based on (1) known/presumed composition breathed air physical activity (2) detailed monitoring microclimatic data were proposed. fluxes 2.4 × 10 −4 (2.0–3.9) mol person −1 s vapor (3.2–8.9) −3 (0.6–1.2) −2 g found for a slightly increased load. total attendance cave tour duration main driving factors. For available accessibility periods, mass all estimated between 9.6 6 4.3 8 with significant seasonality. According to geochemical model, this is capable dissolving 1280 59,038 calcite, assuming mean winter summer concentration 1000 3000 ppmv. larger extent condensation can lead so-called corrosion, whereas lower probably causes recrystallization calcite surface speleothems rocks.

Language: Английский

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Mesoscale permeability variations estimated from natural airflows in the decorated Cosquer Cave (southeastern France)

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(17), P. 4035 - 4057

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Abstract. The conservation of decorated caves is highly dependent on airflows in the karst network and through surrounding host rock. Airflows are driven by pressure gradient influenced shape conduits permeability carbonate rock massif. Cosquer Cave an Upper Paleolithic cave, half submerged a coastal karst, where also cave's pools connected to sea. Hydroclimatic data, such as air temperature water level inside outside have been measured for several years identify main processes governing variations, airflows, renewal. data show unusual behavior karst: nearly always higher than atmospheric pressure. As result, cave below sea level. daily variations tide provide assessment volume above pools. Although confined seawater, there external inflows during short pressurization events with waves that can produce force bubbles flow along submarine open fissures or Moreover, effective rocks at massif scale inferred from decrease over summer season applying Darcy's law partially saturated medium. Six varies year according cumulative rainfalls spring summer. driest correlated permeability, faster rise pools' In future, context climate change, perturbation then expected near-surface caves, which will impact may alter their fragile hydroclimatic stability.

Language: Английский

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Thermal Modeling of a Ventilated Cave

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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