Impacts on and damage to European forests from the 2018–2022 heat and drought events

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 77 - 117

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Abstract. Drought and heat events in Europe are becoming increasingly frequent due to human-induced climate change, impacting both human well-being ecosystem functioning. The intensity effects of these vary across the continent, making it crucial for decision-makers understand spatial variability drought impacts. Data on drought-related damage currently dispersed scientific publications, government reports, media outlets. This study consolidates data European forests from 2018 2022, using Europe-wide datasets including those related crown defoliation, insect damage, burnt forest areas, tree cover loss. data, covering 16 countries, were analysed four regions, northern, central, Alpine, southern, compared with a reference period 2010 2014. Findings reveal that all zones experienced reduced vitality elevated temperatures, varying severity. Central showed highest vulnerability, coniferous deciduous trees. southern zone, while affected by loss, demonstrated greater resilience, likely historical exposure. northern zone is experiencing emerging impacts less severely, possibly site-adapted boreal species, Alpine minimal impact, suggesting protective effect altitude. Key trends include (1) significant loss zones; (2) high levels despite 2021 being an average year, indicating lasting previous years; (3) notable challenges central Sweden bark beetle infestations; (4) no increase wildfire severity ongoing challenges. Based this assessment, we conclude (i) highly vulnerable heat, even resilient ecosystems at risk severe damage; (ii) tailored strategies essential mitigate change forests, incorporating regional differences resilience; (iii) effective management requires harmonised collection enhanced monitoring address future comprehensively.

Language: Английский

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Sensitivity of Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to the choice of SPEI probability distribution and evapotranspiration method

Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 101761 - 101761

Published: March 29, 2024

The state of Oklahoma located in the Southern Plains region United States. standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) is a widely used meteorological drought that incorporates potential (PET) into precipitation-based index. However, understanding appropriate PET method for SPEI across different temporal scales non-arid climate conditions remains limited. We compared Thornthwaite (TW), Hargreaves (HG), and Penman-Monteith (PM) equations at various accumulations, considering three scales: 1) long-term (25 years), 2) event-based, 3) monthly. Also, we examined log-logistic generalized extreme value distributions to test normality computed from methods. To do this, utilized high-quality datasets measured 107 stations Oklahoma, States, which has diverse ranging semi-arid humid subtropical. distribution was found be suitable SPEI. SPEI-HG showed better agreement with SPEI-PM than SPEI-TW this analyses scales. accumulations longer one year, both TW HG no significant differences SPEI-PM. findings provide practical guidance selecting an equation depending on purpose study without resorting data-intensive methods estimation.

Language: Английский

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Compound ecological drought assessment of China using a Copula-based drought index

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 112141 - 112141

Published: May 21, 2024

Meteorological droughts triggered by relative precipitation deficits would propagate through ecohydrological processes and result in comprehensive drought events terrestrial ecosystems. Drought indices indicating integrated information from perspective are essential for monitoring assessment. Considering processes, Copula modeling was utilized to develop an ecological index (ECDI) that included key elements as precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture, gross primary production. Spatial temporal variations risk were assessed mainland China 2001 2022 based on the ECDI. The results showed (1) method suitable ECDI establishment. Over 90% of grids had RMSE values between estimated empirical joint distributions less than 0.1. (2) a reliable value 98.51%, 96.51%, 59.21% significant positive correlations with other respectively (standardized solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence index, self-calibrated Palmer severity vegetation condition index). also satisfactory relevance consistency univariate each subregion (the correlation coefficients ranged 0.4 0.77, rates 47% 81%). (3) mitigation observed 77.94% (unused land excluded) last two decades, while intensification compound mainly located Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Southwest China. (4) composite assessment Northeast China, middle reach Yellow River Basin, Yangtze Basin hot spot areas high drought. It is expected could be indicator systems.

Language: Английский

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Surface water and flood-based agricultural systems: Mapping and modelling long-term variability in the Senegal river floodplain

Agricultural Water Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 308, P. 109254 - 109254

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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A dataset for monitoring agricultural drought in Europe

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

This paper introduces the Combined Drought Indicator dataset, a collection of raster maps generated by Copernicus European Observatory for monitoring agricultural drought in Europe. Computationally, CDI involves three indicators: Standardized Precipitation Index, Soil Moisture Anomaly and Fraction Photosyntetically Active Radiation anomaly. These are complemented use crop snow masks. The dataset has spatial resolution 1/24 decimal degrees (∼5 km), temporal 10 days is available from 2012 onward. As effects variegated both space time, provides an effective instrument assessing different stages propagation their extent. Furthermore, provide relevant information those private public actors (water resource agencies, farmers, land managers so on) involved preparedness planning to mitigate impacts. Users can access download web portal, where online mapviewer clickable facilitate its interactive exploration.

Language: Английский

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The Water–Energy–Food Nexus in European Countries: A Review and Future Perspectives

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 4960 - 4960

Published: March 10, 2023

The interaction between water, energy, and food as the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus has drawn much attention recently to solve upcoming uncertainty in security. aim of this study is investigate status WEF European countries. It indicated that largest studies (among 27 countries) have been conducted Spain Italy. confirmed there a large number water-stressed countries while are few on water-abundant (Slovakia Luxembourg). Based existing research, majority focused energy production. highlighted most were water quantity aspects (rarely related quality aspects) energy; however, other resources including land, climate, ecosystem, soil, environment received little attention. migration people result climate change not considered. Moreover, lack common standard frameworks for assessment. Therefore, we suggest approach produce cross-sectoral holistic evaluation (quantity quality)–energy–food–land–climate (WqEFLC) takes into consideration circular economy.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of the impacts of water resources allocation on the reliability, resilience and vulnerability of the water–energy–food–society (WEFS) nexus system

Agricultural Water Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 295, P. 108780 - 108780

Published: March 21, 2024

To ensure water, energy and food supply security in the future, examining resources shortage risks within integrated management strategy of water-energy-food-society (WEFS) nexus system under uncertainties is necessary. Reliability, resilience, vulnerability (RRV) are most popular criteria for quantifying risks. However, their current applications focus on individual systems adopt constant resource rate thresholds across different spatial scales. consider interconnections WEFS reflect heterogeneities when estimating RRV, this study proposed a framework RRV through model integrating water allocation model. Water availability uncertainty was simulated using Monte Carlo simulation inputted into stochastic The energy, rates outputted from were used to determine system. impacts studied by investigating its response scenarios at basin operational zone results indicated that can effectively reservoir operation further decrease risk nexus. decreased 15.87% 6.71% improved 27.33%, 8.20%, 13.15–69.84%, 26.17%, 7.03%, respectively. increased with increasing demand, trade-off between systems, which extremely low levels 69.84%, 7.03%. exhibited owing uneven distribution regulating capacity. significantly areas sufficient capacity but remained high few propagated upstream downstream hydrologic connections. Even an insignificant be found basin, risking Our assessing not only help understand uncertainties, also contribute planning food.

Language: Английский

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Agricultural drought response to meteorological drought over different agro-climatic zones of the Ganga River basin

Journal of Water and Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 998 - 1017

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Abstract Drought directly impacts the agricultural ecosystem, thus causing significant threat to regional and global food security. Investigating occurrence propagation patterns of drought events is crucial for its better understanding mitigation. The study investigates different agro-climatic regions Ganga River basin from 2001 2020 quantify meteorological using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Additionally, assessment was conducted Soil Moisture (SSMI) Normalized Difference Vegetation (NDVI). For dynamics drought, Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC)-based approach employed compute time between types. Stronger correlations were observed SPI SSMI compared NDVI anomaly, highlighting direct connection precipitation soil moisture. results present show that ranges within 1–11 months across as inferred maximum PCC values series. rate varied 29.03 73.33% among regions. insights gained this analysis on can inform policymakers in formulating appropriate measure.

Language: Английский

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CAMELS‐SE: Long‐term hydroclimatic observations (1961–2020) across 50 catchments in Sweden as a resource for modelling, education, and collaboration

Geoscience Data Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract This paper introduces a community‐accessible dataset comprising daily hydroclimatic variables (precipitation, temperature, and streamflow) observed in 50 catchments Sweden (median size of 1019 km 2 ). The covers 60‐year period (1961–2020) includes information on geographical location, landcover, soil classes, hydrologic signatures, regulation for each catchment. Data were collected from various sources, such as the Swedish Meteorological Hydrological Institute, Geological Survey, several Copernicus products provided by European Environment Agency. compiled, spatially‐matched, processed data are publicly available online through National Service ( https://snd.se/en ), contributing new region to collection existing CAMELS (Catchment Attributes Meteorology Large‐sample Studies) datasets. CAMELS‐SE spans wide range hydroclimatic, topographic, environmental catchment properties, making it valuable resource researchers practitioners study hydrological processes, climate dynamics, impacts, sustainable water management strategies Nordic regions.

Language: Английский

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Direct and indirect simulating and projecting hydrological drought using a supervised machine learning method

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 898, P. 165523 - 165523

Published: July 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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