Type
2
epithelial
cytokines,
including
thymic
stromal
lymphopoietin
and
IL-33,
play
central
roles
in
modulation
of
type
immune
cells,
such
as
basophils.
Basophils
are
a
small
subset
granulocytes
within
the
leukocyte
population
that
predominantly
exist
blood.
They
have
non-redundant
allergic
inflammation
peripheral
tissues
lung,
skin
gut,
where
they
increase
accumulate
at
inflammatory
lesions
exclusively
produce
large
amounts
IL-4,
cytokine.
These
reactions
known
to
be,
some
extent,
phenocopies
infectious
diseases
ticks
helminths.
Recently,
biologics
related
both
cytokines
basophils
been
approved
by
US
Food
Drug
Administration
for
treatment
diseases.
We
summarised
basic
science
translational
medicine,
recent
findings.
Immunological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
331(1)
Published: March 31, 2025
Type
2-mediated
immune
responses
protect
the
body
against
environmental
threats
at
barrier
surfaces,
such
as
large
parasites
and
toxins,
facilitate
repair
of
inflammatory
tissue
damage.
However,
maladaptive
to
typically
nonpathogenic
substances,
commonly
known
allergens,
can
lead
development
allergic
diseases.
2
immunity
involves
a
series
prototype
TH2
cytokines
(IL-4,
IL-5,
IL-13)
alarmins
(IL-33,
TSLP)
that
promote
generation
adaptive
CD4+
helper
cells
humoral
products
allergen-specific
IgE.
Mast
basophils
are
integral
players
in
this
network,
serving
primary
effectors
IgE-mediated
responses.
These
bind
IgE
via
high-affinity
receptors
(FcεRI)
expressed
on
their
surface
and,
upon
activation
by
release
variety
mediators
regulate
responses,
attract
modulate
other
cells,
contribute
repair.
Here,
we
review
biology
effector
mechanisms
these
focusing
primarily
role
mediating
both
physiological
pathological
contexts.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(12)
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Abstract
The
skin
serves
as
the
first
protective
barrier
for
nonspecific
immunity
and
encompasses
a
vast
network
of
skin‐associated
immune
cells.
Atopic
dermatitis
(AD)
is
prevalent
inflammatory
disease
that
affects
individuals
all
ages
races,
with
complex
pathogenesis
intricately
linked
to
genetic,
environmental
factors,
dysfunction
well
dysfunction.
Individuals
diagnosed
AD
frequently
exhibit
genetic
predispositions,
characterized
by
mutations
impact
structural
integrity
barrier.
This
leads
release
alarmins,
activating
type
2
pathway
recruiting
various
cells
skin,
where
they
coordinate
cutaneous
responses.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
experimental
models
provide
an
overview
its
therapeutic
interventions.
We
focus
on
elucidating
intricate
interplay
between
system
regulatory
mechanisms,
commonly
used
treatments
AD,
aiming
systematically
understand
cellular
molecular
crosstalk
in
AD‐affected
skin.
Our
overarching
objective
novel
insights
inform
potential
clinical
interventions
reduce
incidence
AD.
Current Medical Research and Opinion,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
40(5), P. 753 - 763
Published: April 16, 2024
Atopic
dermatitis
(AD)
has
become
a
common
childhood
disease
that
affects
large
number
of
children
worldwide
and
chronic
skin
cause
huge
economical
psychological
damage
to
the
whole
family.
Despite
use
steroids,
immunosuppressants
various
topical
preparation,
prognosis
is
still
poor.
Hence,
this
review
aimed
explore
potential
using
essential
oils
(EO)
as
an
active
ingredient
in
managing
AD.
The
was
completed
by
Pubmed,
Scopus
Medline
search
for
relevant
articles
study
pathophysiology
AD,
properties
EO,
EO
AD
suitable
advanced
formulation
incorporate
EO.
From
conducted,
it
concluded
can
be
used
complimentary
therapeutic
agents
treatment.
Scientists
industries
should
venture
into
commercialising
more
products
with
help
manage
effectively.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(10), P. 1376 - 1376
Published: Oct. 16, 2024
Background/Objectives:
This
study
investigates
the
chemical
composition,
antioxidant,
antibacterial,
and
hemolytic
properties
of
ylang-ylang
(Cananga
odorata)
essential
oil,
with
a
focus
on
its
potential
therapeutic
applications
for
dermatological
diseases
importance
transforming
such
bioactive
into
stable,
safe,
effective
formulation.
Methods/Rsults:
Essential
oils
were
extracted
from
flowers
harvested
in
northern
Grande
Comore
using
hydro
distillation
at
three
different
times
to
examine
impact
yield
quality.
Gas
chromatographic
analysis
identified
complex
mixture
compounds,
including
linalool,
geranyl
acetate,
benzyl
benzoate.
Antioxidant
activity
was
assessed
DPPH,
FRAP,
TAC,
beta-carotene
bleaching
inhibition
assays,
revealing
significant
radical
scavenging
capabilities,
DPPH
IC50
varying
between
1.57
3.5
mg/mL.
Antibacterial
tested
against
Escherichia
coli,
Staphylococcus
aureus,
Bacillus
subtilis,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa,
showing
promising
zones
minimum
inhibitory
concentrations.
Hemolytic
tests
indicated
degrees
red
blood
cell
damage,
emphasizing
need
careful
concentration
management
applications.
Molecular
docking
studies
highlighted
targets
conditions,
identifying
high
binding
affinities
specific
compounds
proteins
involved
acne,
eczema,
psoriasis.
Conclusions:
comprehensive
underscores
oil
(YEOs)
as
natural
alternative
antimicrobial
treatments
applications,
success
dependent
optimized
extraction
methods
precise
formulation
reduce
cytotoxic
effects.
A
approach
is
crucial
ensure
controlled
release,
improve
bioavailability,
minimize
skin
irritation.
JID Innovations,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(2), P. 100340 - 100340
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
Skin
acts
as
a
dynamic
interface
with
the
environment.
Pathological
alterations
in
skin
barrier
are
associated
diseases.
These
conditions
characterized
by
specific
impairments
epidermal
functions.
Despite
its
protective
nature,
can
be
relevant
route
of
drug
administration,
both
for
topical
and
transdermal
therapy,
allowing
improved
delivery
reducing
incidence
adverse
reactions.
This
manuscript
reviews
transcutaneous
strategy
treating
localized
systemic
conditions,
highlighting
importance
models
evaluation
efficacy
function.
It
explores
advances
vitro,
ex
vivo,
silico
studying
cellular
uptake,
wound
healing,
oxidative
stress,
anti-inflammatory,
immune
modulation
activities.
Disease-specific
also
discussed.
