Development of a specific MPXV antigen detection immunodiagnostic assay DOI Creative Commons
Ian Davis,

Jackie M. Payne,

Victoria L. Olguin

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Human monkeypox (mpox) has recently become a global public health emergency; however, assays that detect mpox infection are not widely available, largely due to cross-reactivity within the Orthopoxvirus genus. Immunoassay development was confined researchers who focus on biothreats and endemic areas (Central West Africa) until 2022 outbreak. As noted in COVID-19 pandemic, antigen detection assays, integrated with molecular necessary help curb spread of disease. Antigen-detecting immunoassays offer advantage providing results ranging from min h lateral flow formats; they can be deployed for point-of-care, home, or field use. This study reports an mpox-specific immunoassay developed multiplexed, magnetic-bead-based platform utilizing reagents all research sectors (commercial, academic, governmental). Two semi-quantitative were parallel standardized infectious virus (MPXV) cell culture fluid MPXV-positive non-human primate (NHP) sera samples. These could viral antigens serum, highly specific toward MPXV as compared other orthopoxviruses (vaccinia virus, cowpox camelpox virus), exhibited correlation quantitative PCR NHP study. Access toolbox will key identifying cases ensuring proper treatment, is currently traveler.

Language: Английский

Insights into the Transmission, Host Range, Genomics, Vaccination, and Current Epidemiology of the Monkeypox Virus DOI Creative Commons
Yusha Araf,

Jannatul Ferdous Nipa,

Sabekun Naher

et al.

Veterinary Medicine International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024, P. 1 - 18

Published: May 28, 2024

This review delves into the historical context, current epidemiological landscape, genomics, and pathobiology of monkeypox virus (MPXV). Furthermore, it elucidates present vaccination status strategies to curb spread monkeypox. Monkeypox, caused by

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Cases of Monkeypox show highly-overlapping co-infection with HIV and syphilis DOI Creative Commons

Lin Jia,

Benyong Yan,

Fang Yuan

et al.

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Purpose Ongoing Monkeypox (MPX) outbreaks in countries outside Africa have unique characteristics. However, data on cohorts of confirmed cases China is limited. The study provides important epidemiological, diagnostic, and clinical information about this disease China. Methods We report a series Chinese individuals with MPX infections identified at Beijing Youan Hospital (China) from June 10 to July 15, 2023. Samples were taken the skin, anus, throat, blood. An epidemiological questionnaire was used collect demographic data. Further, we compared viral (MPXV) loads across different anatomical sites. Results 66 samples collected 20 patients, all whom cisgender men. Median patient age 29 years. Notably, 19 (95%) patients reported unprotected sexual encounters men preceding month, 13 (65%) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. Among those HIV, 12 (92%) receiving antiretroviral therapy, 11 (85%) had well-controlled (HIV load <40/mL). median CD4+ T cell count 667 cells/mm 3 . In HIV-negative group, three (43%) taking preexposure prophylaxis. Fifteen (75%) concurrent sexually transmitted (50% syphilis 65% HIV) eight (40%) HIV co-infection. MPXV significantly higher skin (cycle threshold value [Ct value]: 19·0) anus (Ct value: 23.0) throat 31.0) or blood 34.5). All lesions (85% presented anogenital lesions). Common systemic symptoms included fever lymphadenopathy (55%). incubation period 8 d [interquartile range (IQR): 6–16 d]. time onset scab removal 14 (IQR: 10–16 d). No deaths severe reported. Conclusion primarily affects young homosexual high anal indicate that transmission most likely occurs through direct close body contact. This also reports rates Therefore, preventive efforts should focus

Language: Английский

Citations

9
A Review of the Molecular Understanding of the Mpox Virus (MPXV): Genomics, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Targets DOI Creative Commons
Edgar Cambaza

Zoonotic Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 3 - 3

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The Mpox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic pathogen from the Orthopoxvirus genus, has emerged as significant global public health concern, especially after unprecedented outbreak in 2022. This review synthesizes MPXV’s molecular features, focusing on its genomic structure, replication mechanisms, immune evasion strategies, and implications for diagnostics therapeutics. study examines virus’s organization utilizing recent peer-reviewed literature, highlighting essential genes like OPG027 D1L, which contribute to host adaptation, increased transmissibility, evasion. Advances diagnostics, including real-time PCR genome sequencing, are reviewed, emphasizing their critical role monitoring control. However, challenges persist, such diagnostic limitations resource-constrained settings lack of targeted vaccines antivirals. discusses new antiviral candidates, confirmed through computational vitro techniques, identifying thymidine kinase VP39 key therapeutic targets. Emphasizing need surveillance track adaptive evolution, results show that particular mutations, D1L genes, increase transmissibility MPXV. These revelations highlight urgent necessity better catered towards addressing present constraints developing focused treatments reduce effect virus. emphasizes how these underscore combined plans handle changing MPXV epidemiology properly.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Supramolecular lipopeptidic adjuvant regulates protective abilities of MPXV subunit vaccine against monkeypox virus DOI

Wenxin Bao,

Yanwen Zhang, Chao Shang

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 160670 - 160670

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Citations

1
Global epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses: a systematic review on Mpox (1958–2024) DOI Creative Commons
Vivekanand B. Jadhav,

Arundhuti Paul,

Vivek Trivedi

et al.

Journal of Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 6, 2025

Monkeypox (Mpox), a zoonotic viral disease caused by the Mpox virus (MPOXV), was first identified in 1958 and remained largely confined to Central West Africa for decades. While it usually exhibited limited international transmission, recent outbreaks, including USA 2003 globally 2024, highlight significant epidemiological shifts. We aimed systematically evaluate evolution of from focussing on its epidemiology, evolution, public health responses. conducted systematic review using data global reports, surveillance databases, published literature. The analysis covered key transmission patterns, geographic distribution, responses, roles mutations vaccination management. 2022 outbreak, declared Public Health Emergency International Concern World Organization (WHO), characterised an unprecedented spread virus. By July total 102 997 confirmed cases 223 deaths were reported across 121 countries. Two distinct clades identified: African (clade I) II), with latter being primary agent transmission. Research has highlighted protective effects smallpox emerging risk factors such as human-animal interactions travel. evolved regionally contained challenge. Enhanced surveillance, collaboration, targeted interventions non-endemic regions are critical mitigating future outbreaks managing ongoing changes.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The resurgence of monkeypox clade Ib: a global health emergency and concern DOI
Suresh Kumar, Gunasekaran Subramaniam,

K. J. Senthil Kumar

et al.

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 170(4)

Published: March 21, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Mpox Person-to-Person Transmission—Where Have We Got So Far? A Systematic Review DOI Creative Commons
Pedro Pinto,

Miguel Alves Costa,

Micael F. M. Gonçalves

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1074 - 1074

Published: April 28, 2023

The recent multi-country outbreak of Mpox (Monkeypox disease) constituted a public health emergency. Although animal-to-human transmission is known to be the primary way transmission, an increasing number cases transmitted by person-to-person contact have been reported. During sexual or intimate has considered most important transmission. However, other routes must not ignored. knowledge how Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) spreads crucial implement adequate measures contain spread disease. Therefore, this systematic review aimed collect scientific data published concerning implicated sources infection beyond interaction, such as involvement respiratory particles, with contaminated surfaces and skin-to-skin contact. current study was performed using guidelines Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Publications analyzing contacts index their outcome after were included. A total 7319 surveyed 273 them became positive cases. Positive secondary MPXV verified people cohabiting in same household, family members, healthcare workers, within facilities, surfaces. Using cup, sharing dishes, sleeping room bed also positively associated Five studies showed no evidence despite surfaces, contact, through airway particles facilities where containment taken. These records support case suggest that types pose significant risk acquiring infection. Further investigation elucidate dynamics,

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Predictors of Mpox vaccine uptake among sexual and gender minority young adults living in Illinois: Unvaccinated vs. double vs. single dose vaccine recipients DOI Creative Commons
Michael G. Curtis, Shahin Davoudpour,

Anthony E. Rodriguez-Ortiz

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(27), P. 4002 - 4008

Published: May 24, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Antivirals against Monkeypox (Mpox) in Humans: An Updated Narrative Review DOI Creative Commons
Giuseppe Bruno, Giovanni Battista Buccoliero

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1969 - 1969

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

As of 29 August 2023, a total 89,596 confirmed cases Mpox (monkeypox) have been documented across 114 countries worldwide, with 157 reported fatalities. The outbreak that transpired in 2022 predominantly affected young men who sex (MSM). While most exhibited mild clinical course, individuals compromised immune systems, particularly those living HIV infection and possessing CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3, experienced more severe trajectory marked by heightened morbidity mortality. approach to managing is primarily symptomatic supportive. However, instances characterized or complicated manifestations, the utilization antiviral medications becomes necessary. Despite tecovirimat’s lack official approval FDA for treating humans, wealth positive experiences exists, pending outcomes ongoing trials. Brincidofovir cidofovir also administered select due unavailability tecovirimat. Within scope this narrative review, our objective was delve into attributes explore observational studies shed light on these agents.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Molecular epidemiology, transmission and clinical features of 2022‐mpox outbreak: A systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Nadim Sharif, Nazmul Sharif, Khalid J. Alzahrani

et al.

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Abstract Background and Aims The 2022‐mpox outbreak has spread worldwide in a short time. Integrated knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, transmission mpox are limited. This systematic review peer‐reviewed articles gray literature was conducted to shed light on features, outbreak. Methods We identified 45 manuscripts for data analysis. standards Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Review Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) Statement Cochrane Collaboration were followed conducting study. Results case number increased about 100 times worldwide. About 99% cases 2022 from non‐endemic regions. Men (70%–98% cases) mostly infected with homosexual bisexual behavior (30%–60%). ages people ranged between 30 40 years. presence HIV sexually transmitted infections among 30%–60% reported. Human‐to‐human via direct contact different body fluids involved majority (90%–100%). Lesions genitals, perianal, anogenital areas more prevalent. Unusually, pharyngitis (15%–40%) proctitis (20%–40%) common during than pre‐2022 outbreaks. Brincidofovir is approved treatment smallpox by FDA (USA). Two vaccines, including JYNNEOSTM ACAM2000®, used pre‐ post‐prophylaxis cases. 100% regions associated isolates IIb clade divergence 0.0018–0.0035. Isolates B.1 lineage most predominant B.1.2 B.1.10. Conclusion study will add integrated mpox.

Language: Английский

Citations

17