Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13
Published: May 30, 2025
The resurgence of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus historically regarded as endemic to tropical rainforests Central and West Africa, represents significant evolving global health challenge. Waning immunity following cessation smallpox vaccination inequitable vaccine access have increased susceptibility, especially in resource-limited settings. Combined with urbanization, environmental degradation, travel, human-wildlife interactions, these factors driven MPXV beyond its traditional regions. Notably, recent outbreaks non-endemic countries exhibited distinct epidemiological shift, higher incidence among men who sex men, often absence travel history areas, underscoring transmission dynamics. This review provides comprehensive examination MPXV’s epidemiology, clinical features, mechanisms, highlighting complexities containment. Key challenges—including surveillance gaps, inequities, limited diagnostics therapeutics—are compounded by unresolved controversies over natural reservoirs respiratory transmissibility, well critical research gaps spillover mechanisms long-term immunity. Addressing issues demands collaboration leverage next-generation vaccines antivirals, paired an integrated public response: enhanced surveillance, targeted education, equitable resource allocation. Sustaining efforts is vital curbing preventing entrenchment threat.
Language: Английский