Effects of Printing Orientation on the Tensile, Thermophysical, Smoke Density, and Toxicity Properties of Ultem® 9085

Polymers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 145 - 145

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Despite the impressive properties of additively manufactured products, their inherent anisotropy is a crucial challenge for polymeric parts made via fused filament fabrication (FFF). This study compared tensile, thermophysical, smoke density, and toxicity characteristics Ultem 9085 (a blend polyetherimide polycarbonate) samples printed in various orientations (X, Y, Z). The results revealed that mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus tensile strength, significantly differed from Z printing orientation, particularly X Y layer orientations. Thermomechanical analysis had high anisotropic effects coefficient thermal expansion, indicating superior along orientation. density test proved complies with aviation safety standards. Smoke tests showed all samples, regardless print orientation or thickness, stayed well below regulatory limit, making them suitable aircraft interiors.

Language: Английский

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Four-Dimensional Printing of β-Tricalcium Phosphate-Modified Shape Memory Polymers for Bone Scaffolds in Osteochondral Regeneration

Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 306 - 306

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

The use of scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration requires an appropriate selection materials and manufacturing techniques that provide the basis supporting both cartilage bone formation. As are designed to replicate a part replaced ensure cell growth differentiation, implantable have meet various biological requirements, e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties. Osteoconductive such as tricalcium phosphate ceramics some biodegradable polymers appear be perfect choice. present work evaluates structural, mechanical, thermal, functional properties shape memory terpolymer modified with β-tricalcium (β-TCP). A new approach is using developed 4D printing, particular focus on its applicability in medical implants. In this study, parameters scaffold components were developed. examined via scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), differential calorimetry (DSC), testing. cytotoxicity result was obtained MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measured. structural microstructural investigations confirmed integration β-TCP into filament matrix scaffolds. Thermal stability enhanced delayed depolymerization polymer matrix. studies demonstrated effective recovery. vitro culture revealed significantly increased viability β-TCP-modified after 3 weeks. can tailored applications which partial recovery acceptable,

Language: Английский

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New Trends in 3D and 4D Printed Dental and Orthopedic Implants:Methods, Applications and Future Directions

Bioprinting, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e00406 - e00406

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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4D printing: reality or myth?

Published: April 8, 2025

Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the nine pillars design-fabrication cycle in Industry 4.0. However, although some limitations hinder its full implementation our quotidian, a new concept already emerging: 4D printing (4DP). Conceptually, 4D-printed parts are additive manufactured with stimuli-responsive materials, able to self-adapting or self-assembly when exposed correct stimuli. Although this an establish reality, due lack normalized ASTM/ISO standard published confusing and, sometimes, opposite directions that almost present it as myth. Design/methodology/approach This article reviews current 4DP applications, discusses their shortcomings addressing approach and synthesizes scientific contributions. Based on synthesis, paper theorizes progress topic. Findings remains emerging technological tool requiring further research achieve widespread adoption. reversibility implied definition 4DP, only 119 out 1,303 papers Web Science database (as review writing date) address reversible shape transformation. Inquisitive debates must be conducted consensual terminology, standardized production regulatory investment characterization methodologies. Originality/value From status, questions arose whether reality sometimes considered myth, often misapplied. provides in-depth discussion conceptualization urgent need standards for structures. The scalability structures industrial applications challenges put products market also explored.

Language: Английский

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Preparation investigation of photocured printing shape memory graphene/epoxy resin composites

Polymer Composites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

Abstract To investigate the mechanism by which graphene oxide (GO) affects performance of shape memory polymer (SMP) composites prepared 4D printing, this study examined effects adding GO and adjusting ratios HDDA TPO, as well printing time power, on thermal conductivity SMP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization, heat transfer experiments, experiments were conducted to verify correlation between material composition, process parameters, performance. The results showed that addition significantly enhanced GO/epoxy resin (GO/EP) composites. When sample parameters set a content 0.06 wt%, an ratio 80 TPO 4 15 s, power 40 W, SMP reached its optimal level. increased 0.1708 W/(m·K), representing 93% improvement compared without GO. fixation rate recovery samples 91.50% 96.67%, respectively. In repeated variance was less than 1, indicating 4D‐printed GO/EP not only but also retained high Highlights photocured prepared. effect thermo‐mechanical property studied. improved up 93%. retention 92.67% 95.50%.

Language: Английский

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