Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 308 - 309

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Conservationists and their allies worldwide are dedicated to effective management of human–wildlife interactions in order minimize conflicts for coexistence (CBD 2022). Despite varying definitions (Gao Clark 2023), as a goal generally requires humans share landscapes natural resources with wildlife sustainable ways (IUCN 2023). But it presents three interconnected challenges. The first challenge primarily concerns the practical aspects coexistence, particularly ecological dimension involving human related processes. Living closely poses actual perceived risks local livelihoods personal safety. Examples include snow leopards killing livestock, elephants raiding crops, primates damaging properties, bears attacking humans. Such negative impacts on commonly believed decrease people's tolerance toward wildlife, reduce support conservation efforts, encourage possible retaliation. Subsequent actions might modifying behavior distribution through lethal or nonlethal techniques (via installation barriers deterrents; translocation; hazing) fostering (through compensation, insurance, performance payments; awareness-raising educational initiatives). second has do social which involves multiple sectors domains within society, such political, economic, religious, other institutional structures functions that govern creation cultural resources. At heart this is governance: who authority control decide how where people will be able landscape long term, formal informal decisions made, implemented, evaluated, adjusted. People's identities, expectations, demands often lead different views disagreements means ends coexistence. Unlike challenges, governance issues not have rigid spatiotemporal boundaries. Decisions made at international national levels, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, may enable constrain subnational (including local) communities interact cohabitants. Similarly, past can create historical encumbrances impact present-day decision-making third pertains fundamental persistent patterns conduct underlying societal rules shape It encompasses beliefs about reality (ontology), knowledge (epistemology), ethics (axiology), well sense self accepted modes problem solving (Clark Often taken granted operating subconscious level, these form foundation our sociocultural fabric, enabling us construct shared meaning from individual life experiences imposing limitations thoughts, words, norms. A critical aspect existence contradictory beliefs, leading conflicting perceive manage relationship one another. In many societies, tend dichotomize emphasizing positivistic scientific management, economic efficiency, technical rationality. However, conflict worldviews Indigenous peoples communities. Furthermore, contexts change over time, traditional become less relevant, necessitating construction new meanings meaning-making Addressing challenges formidable task. Achieving an integral part global vision “live harmony nature by 2050” 2022), does imply complete absence interactions, but rather creating conditions managed socially, ecologically, economically acceptable ways, both thrive. This integrate diverse objectives practices across various domains, including biodiversity conservation, development, protection rights. addition, financial capital available falls short magnitude problems hand. Conservation efforts also contend numerous pressing competing demands. Moreover, allocation scarce tends favor paths least resistance, and, consequently, reactive, superficial, symbolic nature, addressing immediate short-term exigencies while neglecting more proactive, far-sighted, strategic options. How we achieve crucial constraints limited complex contexts? Our experience suggests theory practice grand strategy (Table 1) greatly enhance effectiveness professionals allies. any realm affairs, despite bounded rationality uncertainty inherent decision making, approach surpass mere tactical random (Freedman 2015). Strategy deliberately deploying desired stipulated policy (Lasswell 1952), entails long-term orientation, broad scope deep analysis. Historically, encompassed nation-states employ all pursue most vital interests (Balzacq Krebs 2021), today kind thinking being applied relations, public health, fisheries among fields. Conceptually, thought change, process, habit mind 2021). As help delineate outcomes realize those outcomes, causal mechanism explain bring relationship. encourages look beyond immediate, direct determinants identify factors hinder Thus, offers cohesive roadmap guide coordinate collective action. Notably, demonstrate collaborative participants synergistically participation, consideration perspectives, service common interest outcomes. prescribe fixed every situation, instead navigate ever-changing processes, entanglement making scales. continuously realigning response evolving contexts. optimize use maintaining overarching direction necessary adjustments tactics time. mind, compels embrace multiple, diverse, sometimes opposing interests, ability function effectively. embodies disposition cognition consciously integrates sensitivity surroundings (Gaddis 2018). transcend unmindful, deeply engrained conventions practices, focusing single species, organizational self-interests, disciplinary political domains. Grand foster standpoint thoughtful pragmatism simultaneously embraces simplicity complexity, selectiveness comprehensiveness, resourcefulness purposefulness: oriented common, than special, interests. conclusion, believe holds immense potential working associated conceptual tool complexities work align finite ambitious commitments.

Language: Английский