Biomaterials Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
28
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Cartilage
repair
is
the
key
to
treatment
of
joint-related
injury.
However,
because
cartilage
lacks
vessels
and
nerves,
its
self-repair
ability
extremely
low.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
bilayer
nanovesicles
with
membranes
mainly
composed
ceramides,
cholesterol,
phosphoglycerides,
long-chain
free
fatty
acids,
containing
DNA,
RNA,
proteins
(such
as
integrins
enzymes).
For
mediating
intercellular
communication
regulating
mechanisms,
EVs
have
been
shown
by
multiple
studies
be
effective
options
for
repair.
This
review
summarizes
recent
findings
different
sources
(mammals,
plants,
bacteria)
uses
in
repair,
mechanisms
captured
injured
chondrocytes,
quantification
storage
EVs,
which
may
provide
scientific
guidance
promoting
development
field
injury
treatment.
International Journal of Surgery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
110(10), P. 6330 - 6344
Published: May 6, 2024
Emerged
health-related
problems
especially
with
increasing
population
and
the
wider
occurrence
of
these
issues
have
always
put
utmost
concern
led
medicine
to
outgrow
its
usual
mode
treatment,
achieve
better
outcomes.
Orthopedic
interventions
are
one
most
concerning
hitches,
requiring
advancement
in
several
issues,
that
show
complications
conventional
approaches.
Advanced
studies
been
undertaken
address
issue,
among
which
stem
cell
therapy
emerged
as
a
area
growth.
The
capacity
cells
renovate
themselves
adapt
into
different
types
made
it
possible
implement
use
regenerative
slant.
Harvesting
cells,
particularly
mesenchymal
is
easier
can
be
further
grown
vitro.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
orthopedic-related
including
bone
defects
fractures,
non-unions,
ligament
tendon
injuries,
degenerative
changes,
associated
conditions,
require
approaches
execute
outcomes,
advanced
strategies
tagged
along
various
ways
application
cells.
It
aims
objectify
idea
major
focus
on
Mesenchymal
(MSCs)
from
sources
orthopedic
interventions.
also
discusses
limitations,
future
scopes
for
field
medicine.
involvement
may
transition
procedures
predominantly
surgical
substitution
reconstruction
bio-regeneration
prevention.
Nevertheless,
additional
improvements
evaluations
required
explore
effectiveness
safety
treatment
This
literature
review
analyzes
the
results
from
studies
applying
conditioned
medium
and
extracellular
vesicles
derived
mesenchymal
stem
cell
secretome
to
numerous
disease
states
in
animal
human
in-vivo
models.
Information
about
conditions
treated
observed
benefits
side-effects
of
these
therapeutics
are
discussed.
Ongoing
clinical
trials
vesicles,
recommended
future
research
limitations
cell-free
strategies
addressed.
Findings
demonstrate
that
holds
promise
as
an
effective
treatment
for
states.
manuscript
is
a
companion
piece
“Part
1:
Bioregenerative
Applications
Human
Mesenchymal
Stem
Cell-Derived
Secretome,”
included
this
issue,
which
contains
background
information
cells
cells,
their
advent
viable
alternative
treatment.
Applied Biosciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3(4), P. 450 - 467
Published: Oct. 17, 2024
Osteoarthritis
is
a
joint
disease
that
causes
pain,
stiffness,
and
reduced
function
because
the
protective
cushioning
inside
joints,
called
cartilage,
gradually
wears
away.
This
condition
caused
by
various
factors
complex
processes
in
joint’s
environment,
involving
different
types
of
cells
producing
can
either
maintain
health
or
contribute
to
osteoarthritis.
study
aimed
understand
influencing
both
healthy
diseased
joints
DDD
strategies
for
vitro
preconditioning
MSCs.
An
electronic
search
PubMed,
Scopus,
Web
Science
databases
was
carried
out
using
terms
(cartilage
OR
chondr*)
AND
(repair
regeneration
healing)
(niche
microenvironment))
(“growth
factor”
GF
cytokine).
Researchers
used
methods,
including
macroscopic
examinations,
histology,
immunohistochemistry,
microCT.
Molecules
associated
with
inflammation
were
identified,
like
macrophage
markers,
MMP-13,
TNF,
apoptotic
interleukins.
Chondrogenesis-related
such
as
aggrecan
GAG,
collagen
type
II,
TGF
beta
family
also
identified.
suggests
balancing
certain
molecules
ensuring
survival
chondrocytes
could
be
crucial
improving
osteoarthritic
emphasizing
importance
chondrocyte
activity.
Future
methods
MSC-
EV-based
therapies
find
suitable
described
microenvironments
explore
co-culture
systems
soluble
extracellular
matrix
factors.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
Bone
homeostasis
encompasses
two
interrelated
aspects:
bone
remodeling
and
cartilage
metabolism.
Disruption
of
can
lead
to
the
development
metabolic
diseases
such
as
osteoporosis
osteoarthritis.
The
maintenance
is
a
complex
process
that
does
not
solely
rely
on
functions
tissue
itself.
In
fact,
an
isolated
entity;
it
closely
connected
other
tissues
in
body
via
exosomes.
Within
this
interconnectivity,
exosomes
derived
from
both
non-bone
cells
interfere
with
each
other,
forming
regulatory
network.
Therefore,
cell
origin
guiding
principle,
we
have
delineated
network
exosomes,
elaborated
specific
roles
mechanisms
common
types
(cells
within
skeletal
microenvironment,
stem
extra-osseous
tissues,
vascular-derived
cells,
muscle-derived
neurogenic
cells)
formation,
resorption,
We
also
discussed
challenges
faced
field
exosome
research
related
homeostasis,
unveiled
critical
role
maintaining
proposed
could
serve
highly
valuable
therapeutic
targets
for
diseases.
