Protecting endangered and CITES listed species: a review of wild American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) identification methods DOI Creative Commons
Jei‐Fu Shaw, Pamela Brunswick, Tao Huan

et al.

Discover Plants., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: April 28, 2025

Abstract Ginseng, a popular herb in traditional medicine, is commonly believed to possess therapeutic benefits including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects. The popularity of the encourages overharvesting species’ wild populations, consequentially reducing genetic diversity threatening their long-term viability. species has been listed under Convention on International Trade Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix II, indicating that it vulnerable extinction if its current level trade consumption continues uncontrolled. This review summarizes status ginseng harvesting regulations, taxonomy, identification methods. Although classical techniques for such as morphological, genetic, protein analysis are available, these methods limited application by sample quality commercial products typically processed teas, powders or extracts which reduces sensitivity each method. To address limitations, researchers have shifted attention investigate differences chemical profiles between species, giving rise field chemotyping. Ginsenosides, group bioactive compounds ginseng, play large role chemotyping unique health different implies variable ginsenoside content species. These observed through either spectroscopic mass spectrometry based analytical methods, with latter showing greatest potential identification. Analytical separation currently emphasize gas chromatography liquid chromatography, ultra- high performance (UHPLC) widely used metabolomics. Coupling detection (e.g. GC/MS, LC/MS), tandem (LC/MS 2 ), high-resolution (e.g., quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF), orbitrap) showcases determination provenance profiling. A more recent addition toolbox direct real time (DART) QTOF-MS. technique holds key fast convenient method without need chromatographic analytes enforce regulations protect populations.

Language: Английский

Advances in High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics: Applications in Food Analysis and Biomarker Discovery DOI

Wenqi Shang,

Guozheng Wei,

Haibo Li

et al.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Consumer concerns regarding food nutrition and quality are becoming increasingly prevalent. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based metabolomics stands as a cutting-edge widely embraced technique in the realm of component analysis detection. It boasts capability to identify character metabolites at exceedingly low abundances, which remain undetectable by conventional platforms. can also enable real-time monitoring flux targeted compounds metabolic synthesis decomposition. With emergence artificial intelligence machine learning, it has become more convenient process vast data sets biomarkers. The review summarizes latest applications HRMS-based platforms traditional foods, novel pharmaceutical-food homologous matrices. compares suitability HRMS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) across three dimensions discusses principles application scenarios various technologies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Protecting endangered and CITES listed species: a review of wild American ginseng (P. quinquefolius) identification methods DOI Creative Commons
Jei‐Fu Shaw, Pamela Brunswick, Tao Huan

et al.

Discover Plants., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: April 28, 2025

Abstract Ginseng, a popular herb in traditional medicine, is commonly believed to possess therapeutic benefits including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects. The popularity of the encourages overharvesting species’ wild populations, consequentially reducing genetic diversity threatening their long-term viability. species has been listed under Convention on International Trade Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix II, indicating that it vulnerable extinction if its current level trade consumption continues uncontrolled. This review summarizes status ginseng harvesting regulations, taxonomy, identification methods. Although classical techniques for such as morphological, genetic, protein analysis are available, these methods limited application by sample quality commercial products typically processed teas, powders or extracts which reduces sensitivity each method. To address limitations, researchers have shifted attention investigate differences chemical profiles between species, giving rise field chemotyping. Ginsenosides, group bioactive compounds ginseng, play large role chemotyping unique health different implies variable ginsenoside content species. These observed through either spectroscopic mass spectrometry based analytical methods, with latter showing greatest potential identification. Analytical separation currently emphasize gas chromatography liquid chromatography, ultra- high performance (UHPLC) widely used metabolomics. Coupling detection (e.g. GC/MS, LC/MS), tandem (LC/MS 2 ), high-resolution (e.g., quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF), orbitrap) showcases determination provenance profiling. A more recent addition toolbox direct real time (DART) QTOF-MS. technique holds key fast convenient method without need chromatographic analytes enforce regulations protect populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

0