Molecules,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
23(8), P. 1887 - 1887
Published: July 28, 2018
Plant
hormone
candidate
melatonin
has
been
widely
studied
in
plants
under
various
stress
conditions,
such
as
heat,
cold,
salt,
drought,
heavy
metal,
and
pathogen
attack.
Under
stress,
usually
accumulates
sharply
by
modulating
its
biosynthesis
metabolic
pathways.
Beginning
from
the
precursor
tryptophan,
four
consecutive
enzymes
mediate
of
tryptamine
or
5-hydroxytryptophan,
serotonin,
N-acetylserotonin
5-methoxytryptamine,
melatonin.
Then,
compound
is
catabolized
into
2-hydroxymelatonin,
cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin,
N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine
through
2-oxoglutarate-dependent
dioxygenase
catalysis
reaction
with
reactive
oxygen
species.
As
an
ancient
powerful
antioxidant,
directly
scavenges
ROS
induced
conditions.
Furthermore,
it
confreres
tolerance
activating
plant’s
antioxidant
system,
alleviating
photosynthesis
inhibition,
transcription
factors
that
are
involved
resisting,
chelating
promoting
transport
metals.
Melatonin
even
proven
to
defense
against
attacks
for
plant
other
stress-relevant
hormones,
like
salicylic
acid,
ethylene,
jasmonic
acid.
Intriguingly,
precursors
metabolite
molecules
also
can
increase
except
unconfirmed
N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine.
Therefore,
metabolites
locating
at
whole
catabolism
pathway
could
contribute
resistance,
thus
providing
a
new
perspective
tolerance.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: April 5, 2018
Melatonin,
a
multiple
signal
molecule,
plays
important
roles
in
delaying
senescence
during
the
development
of
plants.
Because
few
species
have
been
studied
for
effect
exogenous
melatonin
on
anti-aging,
plausible
mechanism
anti-aging
effects
other
plant
has
remained
largely
unknown.
In
present
study,
leaf
kiwifruit
were
examined
natural
aging
after
(200
μM)
or
water
(Control)
pretreatment.
The
decreased
membrane
damage
and
lower
hydrogen
peroxide
(H2O2)
content
due
to
enhanced
scavenging
activity
antioxidant
enzymes
peroxidase
(POD),
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
catalase
(CAT)
demonstrated
that
effectively
delayed
leaves.
Likewise,
owing
up-regulated
expression
chlorophyll
a/b-binding
protein
(CAB)
gene
sampled
leaves
pretreated
with
melatonin,
degradation
decreased.
Therefore,
osmoregulatory
substances
accumulated
(e.g.,
soluble
sugar
protein)
seedling
cell
environment
stability
was
maintained.
Simultaneously,
H2O2
concentration
increased
glutathione
(GSH)
ascorbate
(AsA)
content,
levels
reductase
(GR),
(APX),
monodehydroascorbate
(MDAR),
dehydroascorbate
(DHAR)
by
application,
indicating
increase
GSH
AsA
attributed
these
genes.
addition,
large
amount
flavonoids
seedlings
transcript
eight
genes
involved
flavonoid
synthesis,
including
phenylalanine
ammonia-lyase
(PAL),
cinnamate-4-hydroxymate
(C4H),
chalcone
synthase
(CHS),
flavanone
3-hydroxylase
(F3H),
flavonol
(FNS),
leucoanthocyanin
(LAR),
anthocyanin
(ANR),
3-O-glucosyltransferase
(UFGT)
response
application.
These
results
indicated
activating
capacity
enhancing
biosynthesis.
All
can
provide
clear
proof
key
senescence.
Plants,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(4), P. 407 - 407
Published: March 25, 2020
Melatonin
is
a
multifunctional
signaling
molecule
that
ubiquitously
distributed
in
different
parts
of
plant
and
responsible
for
stimulating
several
physio-chemical
responses
to
adverse
environmental
conditions.
In
this
review,
we
show
that,
although
plants
are
able
biosynthesize
melatonin,
the
exogenous
application
melatonin
various
crops
can
improve
growth
development
response
abiotic
biotic
stresses
(e.g.,
drought,
unfavorable
temperatures,
high
salinity,
heavy
metal
contamination,
acid
rain,
combined
stresses)
by
regulating
antioxidant
machinery
plants.
Current
knowledge
suggests
exogenously
applied
enhance
stress
tolerance
both
enzymatic
non-enzymatic
defense
systems.
Enzymic
antioxidants
upregulated
include
superoxide
dismutase,
catalase,
glutathione
peroxidase,
enzymes
involved
ascorbate–glutathione
cycle
(ascorbate
monodehydroascorbate
reductase,
dehydroascorbate
reductase),
whereas
levels
such
as
ascorbate,
reduced
glutathione,
carotenoids,
tocopherols,
phenolics
also
higher
under
The
enhanced
system
consequently
exhibits
lower
lipid
peroxidation
greater
plasma
membrane
integrity
when
stress.
However,
these
vary
greatly
from
crop
depend
on
intensity
type
stress,
most
studies
date
have
been
conducted
controlled
This
means
wider
range
field
trials
detailed
transcriptomic
analysis
required
reveal
gene
regulatory
networks
between
antioxidants,
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(21), P. 11445 - 11445
Published: Oct. 23, 2021
Heavy
metal
toxicity
is
one
of
the
most
devastating
abiotic
stresses.
metals
cause
serious
damage
to
plant
growth
and
productivity,
which
a
major
problem
for
sustainable
agriculture.
It
adversely
affects
molecular
physiology
biochemistry
by
generating
osmotic
stress,
ionic
imbalance,
oxidative
membrane
disorganization,
cellular
toxicity,
metabolic
homeostasis.
To
improve
stimulate
tolerance
heavy
application
biostimulants
can
be
an
effective
approach
without
threatening
ecosystem.
Melatonin
(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine),
biostimulator,
regulator,
antioxidant,
promotes
stress
improving
redox
nutrient
homeostasis,
balance,
primary
secondary
metabolism.
important
perceive
complete
detailed
regulatory
mechanisms
exogenous
endogenous
melatonin-mediated
metal-toxicity
mitigation
in
plants
identify
potential
research
gaps
that
should
addressed
future.
This
review
provides
novel
insight
understand
multifunctional
role
melatonin
reducing
underlying
mechanisms.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
162, P. 506 - 516
Published: March 20, 2021
Although
previous
studies
have
found
that
melatonin
can
promote
seed
germination,
the
phytohormone
regulation
mechanism
by
which
exogenous
mediates
salt
tolerance
during
cotton
germination
is
still
largely
unknown.
The
effects
of
on
traits
and
physiological
parameters
GXM9
seeds
(Gossypium
hirsutum
L.)
under
three
stress
treatments
(CK,
pretreated
with
water
alone;
S,
in
150
mM
NaCl
stress;
SM,
20
μM
solution)
laboratory
was
investigated.
results
showed
(150
mM)
inhibited
endogenous
accumulation,
pretreatment
enhanced
rate
hypocotyl
length
as
well
content
germination.
This
suggests
promotes
from
a
morphological
perspective.
contents
starch,
α-amylase
(EC3.3.1.1),
β-galactosidase
(EC3.2.1.23),
abscisic
acid
(ABA),
gibberellin
(GA)
were
determined
simultaneously.
decreased
56.97%
20.18%,
respectively,
compared
control,
while
starch
increased
11.53%
control
at
day
7.
ABA
25.18%
GA
27.99%
24
h.
When
applied
to
seeds,
121.77%
32.76%,
whereas
13.55%
S
treatment
Similarly,
12.20%
4.77%
To
elucidate
molecular
stress,
ABA-
GA-related
genes
plant
hormone
signal
transduction
analyzed
quantitative
real-time
PCR
RNA
sequencing.
indicated
regulated
expression
pathway,
induced
embryo
root
development
alleviated
dormancy.
signaling
gene
GhABF2
up-regulated
GhDPBF2
down-regulated,
(e.g.,
GhGID1C
GhGID1B)
melatonin.
In
conclusion,
enhances
regulating
mediating
hormone-related
transduction.
should
help
us
explore
regulatory
mechanisms
resistance
provide
foundation
for
cultivation
new
varieties.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 9, 2022
Melatonin
is
a
multi-functional
molecule
that
ubiquitous
in
all
living
organisms.
performs
essential
roles
plant
stress
tolerance;
its
application
can
reduce
the
harmful
effects
of
abiotic
stresses.
Plant
melatonin
biosynthesis,
which
usually
occurs
within
chloroplasts,
and
related
metabolic
pathways
have
been
extensively
characterized.
regulates
responses
by
directly
inhibiting
accumulation
reactive
oxygen
nitrogen
species,
indirectly
affecting
response
pathways.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
research
concerning
metabolism,
antioxidation;
focus
on
melatonin-mediated
tolerance
to
stresses
including
drought,
waterlogging,
salt,
heat,
cold,
heavy
metal
toxicity,
light
others.
We
also
examine
exogenous
treatment
plants
under
stress.
Finally,
discuss
future
perspectives
applications
plants.
Stresses,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
2(2), P. 179 - 209
Published: April 2, 2022
The
non-essential
metalloid
arsenic
(As)
is
widely
distributed
in
soil
and
underground
water
of
many
countries.
Arsenic
contamination
a
concern
because
it
creates
threat
to
food
security
terms
crop
productivity
safety.
Plants
exposed
As
show
morpho-physiological,
growth
developmental
disorder
which
altogether
result
loss
productivity.
At
physiological
level,
As-induced
altered
biochemistry
chloroplast,
mitochondria,
peroxisome,
endoplasmic
reticulum,
cell
wall,
plasma
membrane
causes
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
overgeneration
damage
through
disintegrating
the
structure
lipids,
proteins,
DNA.
Therefore,
plants
tolerance
ROS-induced
oxidative
stress
vital
strategy
for
enhancing
plants.
having
enhanced
antioxidant
defense
system
greater
toxicity.
Depending
upon
plant
diversity
(As
hyperaccumulator/non-hyperaccumulator
or
tolerant/susceptible)
mechanisms
accumulation,
absorption
toxicity
response
may
differ.
There
can
be
various
management
practices
such
as
exogenous
application
nutrients,
hormones,
antioxidants,
osmolytes,
signaling
molecules,
different
chelating
agents,
microbial
inoculants,
organic
amendments
etc.
effective
against
information
gap
understanding
mechanism
(damage
response)
This
review
presents
uptake
accumulation
plants,
responses
under
stress,
ROS
generation
response,
approaches
from
available
literatures
will
make
date
knowledge,
knowledge
future
guideline
worked
out
development
tolerant
cultivars.
Genes,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(10), P. 1699 - 1699
Published: Sept. 22, 2022
Melatonin
was
discovered
in
plants
the
late
nineties,
but
its
role,
signaling,
and
crosstalk
with
other
phytohormones
remain
unknown.
Research
on
melatonin
has
risen
dramatically
recent
years
role
of
this
putative
plant
hormone
under
biotic
abiotic
stress
conditions
been
reported.
In
present
review,
we
discuss
main
functions
growth
development
plants,
stresses,
such
as
water
(waterlogging
drought),
extreme
temperature
(low
high),
salinity,
heavy
metal,
light-induced
stress.
Similarly,
also
stresses
(antiviral,
antibacterial,
antifungal
effects).
Moreover,
review
meticulously
discusses
auxins,
gibberellic
acids,
cytokinins,
ethylene,
salicylic
acid
normal
stressful
reports
receptors
signaling
plants.
All
these
aspects
suggest
that
phytomelatonin
is
a
key
player
crop
improvement
regulation.
