A review on exploration–exploitation trade-off in psychiatric disorders

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 26, 2025

Balancing exploration and exploitation is a crucial aspect of adaptive decision-making, but psychiatric disorders can disrupt this balance in various ways, shedding light on their neurocognitive roots guiding targeted interventions. In systematic review, we aimed to delineate potential exploration-exploitation impairments across disorders. Through thorough search PubMed, identified forty-six relevant studies employing tasks probing balances, which synthesized reveal distinct patterns. These are clustered into three categories: addictive patterns, emotional/cognitive disturbances, neurological (neurodevelopmental neurodegenerative) Our findings show that anxiety mood often enhance exploratory behaviors, while depression impact decision stability reward sensitivity. contrast, schizophrenia, OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) characterized by excessive switching difficulties balancing exploitation, leading impaired learning adaptability. Additionally, with addictive-like features optimal decision-making strategies either heightening or causing maladaptive persistence, thus skewing the away from effective decision-making. Individuals exhibiting addiction-like compulsive behaviors demonstrate imbalances explore-exploit trade-off, resulting suboptimal reduced exploration, flawed foraging strategies, impulsive perseverative choices despite adverse outcomes. This suggests such may originate dysfunctional processes applied sum, different patterns understanding making neuropsychiatric stem dysregulated processes, where uncertainty plays central role. Dysfunctions dopaminergic noradrenergic pathways appear brain's representation uncertainty, thereby altering behavior. varying critical for challenges associated conditions.

Language: Английский

Transcranial direct current stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

This systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023426005) and the data collected in accordance Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of reporting included studies evaluated CONSORT statement.

Language: Английский