A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 2654 - 2689

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

The rapid depletion of fossil-derived fuels along with rising environmental pollution have motivated academics and manufacturers to pursue more environmentally friendly sustainable energy options in today's globe. Biodiesel has developed as an ecologically favorable alternative. However, the mass manufacturing biodiesel on industrial scale confronts substantial cost pricing challenges. To address this issue, high-efficiency catalysts a large number active sites are needed, resulting increased output quality. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) received lot interest catalyst for converting oils/fats or fatty acids into biodiesel. MOFs polyporous materials that can alter pore size well topological structure. They serve versatile foundation designing satisfy unique needs catalytic reactions conversion pathways. purpose current work is shed light underlying mechanisms essential properties MOF-based used synthesis. In addition, several methods connecting inside scrutinized, while usability production process completely compared other catalysts. More importantly, limits future research directions about utilization synthesis route also critically presented. general, review contributes improved awareness potential sector by investigating primary mechanism characteristics

Language: Английский

A Green Nanocatalyst for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Conversion from Waste Cooking Oil

Catalysts, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 244 - 244

Published: April 6, 2024

This study used a novel combination of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and calcium oxide (CaO) nanocomposite (CaO/CNCs) for the production biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The filter paper was as raw source to produce CNCs acid hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. as-synthesized CaO/CNC is recyclable environmentally friendly characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction. optimum process parameters investigated are 20:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 3-weight percent catalyst concentration, 60 °C temperature, 90 min reaction time. Under conditions, yield 84% obtained. achieved five times reusability, indicating its effectiveness reusability in transesterification reaction. synthesized chemical composition examined FTIR, GCMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, properties, including specific gravity, color, flash point, cloud pour viscosity, sulfur content, sediments, water total number, cetane corrosion test, were ascertained ASTM standard practices. outcomes determined fulfill global standards (ASTM 951, 6751). Five successive processes test regeneration catalyst; first three showed no distinct change, while fifth cycle reduction up 79%. innovative composite oil stable, affordable, extremely successful long-term generation.

Language: Английский

Environmentally-friendly preparation of Sn(II)-BDC supported heteropolyacid as a stable and highly efficient catalyst for esterification reaction

Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 101832 - 101832

Published: March 5, 2024

Facilitating energy resource deficiency and environmental contamination, this work focuses on sustainable biodiesel production through the esterification reactions of oleic acid (OA) with methanol. To address reaction, a novel heterogeneous catalyst, 12-tungstophosphoric (TPA) immobilized Sn-based MOFs (Sn(II)-BDC) was synthesized via simple, green solvent, easy-to-implement synthesis strategy for first time, applied effectively process OA to produce biodiesel. The structure composition as-obtained catalyst have been verified using XRD, FTIR, N2 physisorption, SEM, EDX, TG, Py-FTIR, TPD-NH3, XPS techniques. obtained TPA/Sn(II)-BDC found be best 60 wt% TPA loading, which resulted in an conversion 91.7 % at optimized conditions 0.15 g loading methanol molar ratio 20:1 temperature 120 °C 4 h, excellent performance arises from available pores structure, large amounts acidic sites, good stability synergistic catalytic effect Sn(II)-BDC. Furthermore, composite reusability has studied five cycles, it exhibits acceptable conversion. This research provides large-scale route biofuels by constructing heteropolyacids/Sn-based catalysts.

Language: Английский