Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering hope for patients with otherwise treatment-resistant tumors. Among the most promising approaches are cellular therapies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, which shown remarkable success in hematologic malignancies. However, application of these therapies to solid tumors, such as lung and colorectal cancers, faced significant challenges. Tumor resistance mechanisms—ranging from immune evasion, loss, checkpoint upregulation, tumor microenvironment immunosuppression—remain major obstacles. This mini-review highlights latest advancements immunotherapy, a focus on addresses mechanisms that hinder their effectiveness cancers. We examine evolution CAR-T cell well potential engineered natural killer (NK) cells macrophages treatment. The review also explores cutting-edge strategies aimed at overcoming resistance, including combination gene editing technologies, nanotechnology targeted drug delivery. By discussing molecular, cellular, microenvironmental factors contributing we aim provide comprehensive overview how challenges can be overcome, paving way more effective, personalized immunotherapies

Language: Английский