TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of the digital environment on the ocular surface

The Ocular Surface, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28, P. 213 - 252

Published: April 1, 2023

Eye strain when performing tasks reliant on a digital environment can cause discomfort, affecting productivity and quality of life. Digital eye (the preferred terminology) was defined as "the development or exacerbation recurrent ocular symptoms and/or signs related specifically to device screen viewing". prevalence up 97% has been reported, due no previously agreed definition/diagnostic criteria limitations current questionnaires which fail differentiate such from those arising non-digital tasks. Objective blink rate critical flicker frequency changes are not 'diagnostic' nor validated sensitive. The mechanisms attributed surface disease mainly reduced completeness, partial/uncorrected refractive error underlying binocular vision anomalies, together with the cognitive demand task differences in position, size, brightness glare compared an equivalent task. In general, interventions well established; patients experiencing should be provided full correction for appropriate working distances. Improving blinking, optimizing work encouraging regular breaks may help. Based current, best evidence, blue-light blocking do appear effective management strategy. More larger clinical trials needed assess artificial tear effectiveness relieving strain, particularly comparing different constituents; systematic review within report identified use secretagogues warm compress/humidity goggles/ambient humidifiers promising strategies, along nutritional supplementation (such omega-3 fatty acid berry extracts).

Language: Английский

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Dry Eye Disease Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Focus on Tear Film Characteristics and the Therapeutic Landscape

Ophthalmology and Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 1397 - 1418

Published: March 1, 2023

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is highly prevalent and the leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease (DED). MGD characterized by a reduction in meibum secretion and/or change composition that results disruption tear film lipid layer an increase evaporation rate. Excessive causes instability, desiccation, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, apoptosis ocular surface cells, resulting continuous cycle DED. The primary treatment goal for DED associated with to restore decrease evaporation, thereby reducing signs symptoms. management includes home care options (eyelid hygiene, warming masks, lubricants) office-based treatments (manual expression, microblepharoexfoliation, thermal pulsation, intense pulsed light, intraductal probing). Topical ophthalmic prescription medications attempt alter various factors may contribute (e.g., bacterial growth, inadequate production). In this review, clinical evidence regarding available emerging therapies from randomized studies patients summarized. Although some modalities have been evaluated specifically MGD, large-scale controlled trials are needed confirm efficacy safety patient population. Currently, there no approved pharmacologic indicated those do not target key driver (i.e., excessive evaporation). NOV03 (perfluorohexyloctane; under review US Food Drug Administration) most advanced therapy has demonstrated statistically significant improvements both symptoms trials. Development novel pharmacotherapies will improve therapeutic allow more individualized approach MGD.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of Self-Reported Symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors among School Students in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 363 - 373

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Purpose To determine the prevalence and risk factors of self-reported symptoms Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) in school students during COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The effects of breaks on digital eye strain, dry eye and binocular vision: Testing the 20-20-20 rule

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(2), P. 101744 - 101744

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

To evaluate the benefits on eyes of taking breaks based 20-20-20 rule.Bespoke computer software using laptop webcam to assess user breaks, eye gaze and blinking, emitting personalized reminders rule, was downloaded onto laptops 29 symptomatic users. Digital strain (DES), binocular vision dry were assessed before after two weeks one week discontinuation strategy. Binocular measurements included visual acuity, accommodative posture, stereopsis, fixation disparity, ocular alignment, facility, positive/negative vergences near point convergence. Symptoms evaluated syndrome questionnaire, surface disease index (OSDI), symptom assessment in questionnaire (SANDE) versions two. Dry signs by measuring tear meniscus height, conjunctival redness, blink rate incomplete lipid layer thickness, non-invasive keratograph break-up time, corneal staining lid wiper epitheliopathy.A decrease duration work along with an increase number taken per day observed as a result rule (p ≤ 0.015). No changes any parameter management period ≥ 0.051), except for facility = 0.010). symptoms DES decreased 0.045), although this improvement not maintained > 0.05). film 0.089).The is effective strategy reducing symptoms, 2 enough considerably improve or signs.

Language: Английский

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TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of contact lenses on the ocular surface

The Ocular Surface, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29, P. 175 - 219

Published: May 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Dry eye disease management

BMJ, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e077344 - e077344

Published: March 25, 2024

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Assessment of dry eye symptoms among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Clinical and Experimental Optometry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 105(5), P. 507 - 513

Published: July 19, 2021

The synchronous hybrid learning environment is associated with increased time spent by students working VDT and prevalence of dry eye symptoms in a university-based population.To assess the using ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire university to identify whether factors such as preventive measure COVID-19, video display terminal use, gender or contact lens wear influence symptomatology.This study was performed web-based that distributed questions related class attendance, use terminals, need for optical correction and, finally, OSDI questionnaire.A total 676 an average age 20.7 ± 2.9 years completed questionnaire, which 72.6% (491) were females 27.4% (185) males. Only 10.2% participants attended face classes. Of participants, 35.5% wearers. mean score population 27.68 20.09 symptomatic (OSDI above 22) 51.8%. Female (X2(3) = 38.605, p < 0.001), online attendance (X2(1) 20.31; hours (X2(2) 26.84, 0.001) 15.264, 0.05) higher incidence disease.The increases spend terminals symptoms. also It should not be ignored could affect academic performance.

Language: Английский

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Is dry eye disease the same in young and old patients? A narrative review of the literature

BMC Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Abstract Advanced age is one of the most evident risk factors for dry eye disease (DED), with male/female sex, chronic drug consumption, and prolonged device use. This article aims to review literature about changes ocular surface associated DED in elderly patients < 40 years. The pathophysiologic responsible dryness are linked inflammation neurosensory abnormalities may occur a different feature young compared elders. Peculiar treatment strategies be needed older subjects DED.

Language: Английский

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Smartphone gaming induces dry eye symptoms and reduces blinking in school-aged children

Eye, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(7), P. 1342 - 1349

Published: June 6, 2022

Abstract Purpose Smartphone use by children is rising rapidly, but its ocular surface impact unknown. This study examined the effect of smartphone on blinking, symptoms, and tear function in children. Methods Prospective intervention where 36 aged 6–15years (14 M:22 F) played games a continuously for one hour. Symptoms (SANDE, IOSS, NRS) film (lipid layer thickness, secretion, stability) were assessed before after gaming. Blink rate interblink interval measured situ using an eye tracking headset, (during conversation) throughout changes paired t -tests. Changes blinking hour repeated measures ANOVA, post-hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction. Associations Pearson bivariate correlation. Significance level was 0.05. Results worsened following gaming (SANDE + 8.2units, p = 0.01; IOSS 1.3units, < 0.001; NRS-average +6.3units, 0.03; NRS-comfort +7.6units, 0.04; NRS-tiredness +10.1units, 0.01), remained unchanged. reduced from 20.8 blinks/min to 8.9 ( 0.001) increased 2.9 s 8.7 0.002) within first minute relative baseline conversation, this unchanged Conclusions results dry symptoms immediate sustained slowing no change evident up Given ubiquitous smartphones children, future work should examine whether effects reported herein persist or get worse over longer term causing cumulative damage surface.

Language: Английский

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Digital eye strain in young screen users: A systematic review

Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 107493 - 107493

Published: March 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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