The ecological and evolutionary consequences of systemic racism in urban environments

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6510)

Published: Aug. 13, 2020

Urban areas are dynamic ecological systems defined by interdependent biological, physical, and social components. The emergent structure heterogeneity of urban landscapes drives biotic outcomes in these areas, such spatial patterns often attributed to the unequal stratification wealth power human societies. Despite patterns, few studies have effectively considered structural inequalities as drivers evolutionary instead focused on indicator variables neighborhood wealth. In this analysis, we explicitly integrate ecology, evolution, processes emphasize relationships that bind inequities-specifically racism-and biological change urbanized landscapes. We draw existing research link racist practices, including residential segregation, heterogeneous flora fauna observed ecologists. future, ecology evolution researchers must consider how racial oppression affect environmental factors drive cities. Conceptual integration sciences has amassed considerable scholarship over past decades, providing a solid foundation for incorporating justice into research. Such an undertaking is necessary deconstruct urbanization's biophysical processes, inform equitable anti-racist initiatives promoting conservation, strengthen community resilience global change.

Language: Английский

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The Benefits and Limits of Urban Tree Planting for Environmental and Human Health

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: April 8, 2021

Many of the world’s major cities have implemented tree planting programs based on assumed environmental and social benefits urban forests. Recent studies increasingly tested these assumptions provide empirical evidence for contributions programs, as well their feasibility limits, solving or mitigating issues. We propose that current supports local cooling, stormwater absorption, health trees residents. However, potential to appreciably mitigate greenhouse gas emissions air pollution over a wide array sites conditions is limited. Consequently, appear be more promising climate adaptation strategies than mitigation strategies. In large part, this due space constraints limiting extent canopies relative magnitude emissions. The most impacts are those can realized with well-stewarded localized design interventions at site municipal scales. Tree scales has documented health, which maximized through targeted followed by monitoring, adaptive management, long-term eco-evolutionary dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Urban biodiversity: State of the science and future directions

Urban Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 1083 - 1096

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary consequences of human–wildlife conflict in cities

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 178 - 197

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Human-wildlife interactions, including human-wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks or their pets have negative consequences both wildlife, underscoring the need comprehensive strategies that mitigate prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim deter, relocate, remove individual organisms, all of which may present a significant selective force in urban nonurban systems. Management-induced selection significantly affect adaptive nonadaptive evolutionary processes populations, yet few studies explicate links among wildlife management, evolution. Moreover, intensity management can vary considerably by taxon, public perception, policy, religious cultural beliefs, geographic region, underscores complexity developing flexible tools reduce conflict. Here, we cross-disciplinary perspective integrates evolution address how social-ecological drive adaptation cities. We emphasize variance implemented actions shapes strength rate phenotypic change. also consider specific either promote genetic plastic changes, leveraging those biological inferences could help optimize while minimizing Investigating an phenomenon provide insights into arises plays critical role shaping phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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The Complexity of Urban Eco-evolutionary Dynamics

BioScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(9), P. 772 - 793

Published: July 7, 2020

Abstract Urbanization is changing Earth's ecosystems by altering the interactions and feedbacks between fundamental ecological evolutionary processes that maintain life. Humans in cities alter eco-evolutionary play simultaneously both actors stage on which takes place. modifies land surfaces, microclimates, habitat connectivity, networks, food webs, species diversity, composition. These environmental changes can lead to phenotypic, genetic, cultural makeup of wild populations have important consequences for ecosystem function essential services nature provides human society, such as nutrient cycling, pollination, seed dispersal, production, water air purification. Understanding monitoring urbanization-induced inform strategies achieve sustainability. In present article, we propose understanding these dynamics requires rigorous characterization urbanizing regions rapidly evolving, tightly coupled human–natural systems. We explore how emergent properties urbanization affect across space time. identify five key urban drivers change—habitat modification, heterogeneity, novel disturbances, biotic interactions—and highlight direct urbanization-driven change nature's contributions people. Then, emerging complexities—landscape complexity, discontinuities, socio-ecological cross-scale interactions, legacies time lags—that need be tackled future research. evolving metacommunity concept a powerful framework study dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Progress in ecosystem services research: A guide for scholars and practitioners

Ecosystem Services, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 101267 - 101267

Published: April 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Wealth and urbanization shape medium and large terrestrial mammal communities

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(21), P. 5446 - 5459

Published: Aug. 17, 2021

Urban biodiversity provides critical ecosystem services and is a key component to environmentally socially sustainable cities. However, varies greatly within among cities, leading human communities with changing unequal experiences nature. The "luxury effect," hypothesis that predicts positive correlation between wealth, typically measured by per capita income, species richness may be one indication of these inequities. While the luxury effect well studied for some taxa, it has rarely been investigated mammals, which provide unique (e.g., biological pest control) exhibit significant potential negative human-wildlife interactions nuisances or conflicts). We analyzed large dataset mammal detections across 20 North American cities test whether consistent medium- large-sized terrestrial mammals diverse urban contexts. Overall, support effect, as indicated was inconsistent; we found evidence in approximately half our study Species was, however, highly negatively correlated intensity most thus suggest economic factors play an important role shaping species, but strongest driver diversity intensity. To better understand complexity ecosystems, ecologists social scientists must consider political drive inequitable nature

Language: Английский

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Luxury and legacy effects on urban biodiversity, vegetation cover and ecosystem services

npj Urban Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Abstract Socio-economic and historical drivers shape urban nature distribution characteristics, as luxury (wealth-related) legacy (historical management) effects. Using remote sensing census data on biodiversity socio-economic indicators, we examined these effects vegetation cover in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country). We also tested the hypotheses regulating ecosystem services (ES) explored predictor interactions. Higher educational attainment positively correlated with biodiversity, confirming effect, but had no effect or ES. Older areas higher ES evidencing a an inverse response attributable to more recent management strategies promoting green spaces. Habitat quality amplified while population density strengthened effect. Our results suggest that is mainly driven by factors, are influenced legacies interaction density.

Language: Английский

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Mapping ecosystem services in urban and peri‑urban areas. A systematic review

Geography and sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 491 - 509

Published: June 30, 2024

Urban and peri‑urban ecosystems are subjected to an intense impact. The demand for ecosystem services (ES) is higher in these areas. Nevertheless, despite the anthropogenic pressures, urban supply important ES. Mapping a crucial exercise understand ES dynamics environments better. This work aims systematically review mapping areas studies, following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-alpha Methods. A total of 207 studies were selected. results show increased between 2011 2023, mainly conducted Europe China. Most developed did not follow established classification. focused on dimension, regulation maintenance section. Regarding provisioning ES, most Cultivating terrestrial plants nutrition, regulating maintaining Atmospheric composition conditions, cultural Physical experiential interactions with natural environment. Quantitative methods mostly applied Indicator-based (secondary data: biophysical, socio-economic) models. Very few validated outputs. Several forecasted primarily based land use changes using CA-Markov approaches. study provides overview mapped globally, where more need be conducted, developed.

Language: Английский

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Legacies of past housing discrimination in the present-day urban forest of a moderate-sized US city

Urban forestry & urban greening, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 128679 - 128679

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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