This
document
presents
the
generalised
linear
model
(GLM)
and
agent-based
(ABM)
that
were
developed
in
H2020
project
BESTMAP
to
predict
uptake
of
Agri-Environmental
Schemes
(AES)
European
Union.
The
deliverable
is
based
on
work
done
Work
Package
4.1
(WP4.1)
–
Agent-Based
Modelling
Analysis
BESTMAP.
comprises
a
description
particular
implementation
ABM
including
discussion
how
why
Union
differs
from
case
study-specific
models
described
Deliverable
4.1.
link
model’s
code
GitLab
provided.
Furthermore,
data
requirements
potential
limitations
with
respect
accessibility
are
outlined.
accompanied
by
structured
form
following
ODD+D
protocol
(Müller
et
al.,
2013)
Appendix.
focuses
development
GLM
linked.
As
an
outlook,
research
questions
can
be
answered
models,
further
extensions
discussed.
Additionally,
it
briefly
discussed
outputs
will
enhance
biophysical
modelling
upscaling,
which
other
part
Task
5.2
Land Use Policy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
140, P. 107094 - 107094
Published: Feb. 14, 2024
Successful
implementation
of
Europe's
agri-environmental
policies
faces
various
obstacles,
several
which
are
closely
linked
to
participation.
Effectively
increasing
adoption
agri-environmental-climate
measures
(AECM)
requires
a
deeper
understanding
farmers'
motives.
Various
case-study
research
has
targeted
ex-post
studies
but
offers
context-specific
recommendations.
Earlier
literature
reviews
provide
certain
insights,
have
not
yet
clarified
how
the
evidence
on
can
be
optimally
applied
AECM
design.
We
explore
farmer
decision-making
by
synthetizing
results
from
three
decades
empirical
in
Europe.
Our
approach
applies
theoretically
informed
participation
framework
that
practical
insights
for
systematically
scrutinize
different
stage-specific
constructs,
grouped
into
'alignment',
'opportunity',
'engagement',
and
'contracting',
influence
decisions.
identify
eight
determinants
38
variables
capturing
their
contribution
decision-making.
Variables
explaining
role
social
contexts
satisfaction
with
contract
design
seldom
observed
prove
significant
around
60
percent
cases.
Conversely,
relevance
farmers
opportunity
frequently
included,
often
ineffective
uptake.
Enhancing
alignment
needs
encourages
adoption,
excessive
carries
risk
self-selection
bias
toward
baseline-complying
agents,
likely
jeopardizes
additionality.
findings
highlight
crucial
it
is
properly
account
costs
bias.
draw
policy-makers'
attention
importance
carefully
considering
all
four
constructs
during
policy
Global Challenges,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7(7)
Published: April 27, 2023
Abstract
The
current
geological
epoch
is
characterized
by
anthropogenic
activity
that
greatly
impacts
on
natural
ecosystems
and
their
integrity.
complex
networks
of
ecosystem
services
(ESs)
are
often
ignored
because
the
provision
resources,
such
as
food
industrial
crops,
mistakenly
viewed
an
independent
process
separate
from
ignoring
ecosystems.
Recently,
research
has
intensified
how
to
evaluate
manage
ES
minimize
environmental
impacts,
but
it
remains
unclear
balance
This
paper
reviews
main
ESs
at
farm
level
including
provisioning,
regulating,
habitat,
cultural
services.
For
these
ESs,
synergies
outlined
evaluated
along
with
respective
practices
(e.g.,
cover‐
intercropping)
suppliers
pollinators
biocontrol
agents).
Further,
several
farm‐level
trade‐offs
discussed
a
proposal
for
evaluation.
Finally,
framework
stakeholder
approaches
specific
put
forward,
outlook
existing
precision
agriculture
technologies
can
be
adapted
improved
assessment
bundles.
believed
provide
useful
both
decision
makers
stakeholders
facilitate
development
more
sustainable
resilient
farming
systems.
Agriculture,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 297 - 297
Published: Feb. 12, 2024
Organic
farms
should,
by
definition,
place
particular
emphasis
on
the
protection
of
agricultural
soils,
landscape
care
and
activities
aimed
at
producing
high-quality
products.
However,
when
joining
this
production
system,
face
many
challenges
in
order
to
make
these
contributions
society
expected
level.
The
main
aim
study
is
determine
scale
disproportions
effects
achieved
between
organic
conventional
systems,
taking
into
account
quality
natural
management
conditions.
An
equally
important
goal
factors
Polish
agriculture
that
whether
conduct
system.
paper
aims
indicate
direction
development
farming
EU,
including
Poland,
based
Eurostat
data
for
2012–2020.
It
was
noted
current
sector
EU
member
states
has
been
different
rates.
In
its
strength
largely
depends
presence
ANCs.
Nearly
¾
utilized
area
(UAA)
located
communes
with
a
large
share
them.
achieve
lower
comparison
farms,
their
also
depend
personal
competences
farmers
are
an
determinant
farming.
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
367, P. 108948 - 108948
Published: March 12, 2024
Ecological
focus
areas
(EFAs)
are
a
key
element
of
European
agri-environmental
measures,
which
aim
at
mitigating
the
negative
impact
intensive
agricultural
practices
on
biodiversity.
They
mostly
implemented
local
scale,
such
as
action-based
EFAs
(prescribed
minimum
biodiversity-friendly
management)
and
result-based
biodiversity
outcome).
Implementation
landscape
scale
part
collaborative
landscape-targeted
approach
is
less
frequent.
There,
farmers
given
region
jointly
determine
where
measures
in
order
to
create
landscape.
The
effectiveness
three
different,
but
often
intertwined
approaches
promote
farmland
biodiversity,
has
hardly
ever
been
studied.
To
this
end,
we
analyzed
data
from
121
1-km2
squares
distributed
across
Swiss
landscapes.
At
(10-m2
units),
found
that
plant
species
richness
was
higher
all
EFA
categories
compared
management
units
outside
EFAs,
tended
be
highest
EFAs.
(1-km2
positively
related
large
total
area
while
butterfly
bird
were
with
high
share
We
conclude
result-based,
especially
come
along
transaction
costs,
they
contribute
substantially
different
spatial
scales.
Environmental Management,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
74(2), P. 332 - 349
Published: March 21, 2024
Abstract
Farmers
can
counteract
global
warming
by
drawing
carbon
dioxide
from
the
air
into
agricultural
soils
building
up
humus.
Humus
programs
were
developed
to
motivate
farmers
for
even
more
humus
formation
(=
sequestration)
through
an
additional
financial
incentive.
These
are
still
at
early
stage
of
development,
which
is
why
number
participating
and
research
work
low.
This
study
first
analyze
willingness
German
participate
in
hypothetical
programs.
The
results
a
discrete
choice
experiment
show
that
(higher)
threshold
payout
premium,
regional
(rather
than
field-specific)
reference
values,
risk
repayment
clearly
discourage
participating.
Program
providers
must
double
premium
(set
around
240
€
per
hectare
0.1%
increase)
maintain
farmers’
despite
threshold.
Regional
values
premium/repayment
system
would
lead
increase
20
order
keep
same
level.
motivation
build
humus,
desire
maximize
subsidies,
higher
livestock
density
have
positive
influence
on
decision
participate.
Farm
size
attitude
impact
preferences
program
design.
relevant
policymakers
non-governmental
organizations
concerned
with
management,
as
our
findings
highlight
pathways
efficient,
targeted
designs
sequestration
policies.
People and Nature,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5(5), P. 1610 - 1621
Published: Aug. 17, 2023
Abstract
In
Europe
and
elsewhere,
agri‐environmental
schemes
(AES)
are
designed
to
reduce
agriculture's
impacts
on
the
environment.
Designing
effective
requires
an
understanding
of
reasons
that
drive
farmers'
decisions
whether
adopt
AES.
Currently,
most
insights
come
from
individual
case
studies
or
structured
surveys
based
predefined
questions.
There
is
a
paucity
do
not
rely
rigid
preconceptions
about
relevant
behavioural
factors
while
also
offering
geographically
socio‐culturally
broad
perspective
can
address
cultural
institutional
context‐specificity
studies.
Also,
focus
adoption
decision,
implementation
their
consequences
for
ecological
effectiveness
AES
remain
understudied.
this
article,
we
present
results
semi‐structured
farmer
interviews
conducted
in
five
agricultural
landscapes
across
Europe.
The
used
uncover
as
well
implications
effectiveness.
main
reason
was
common
study
regions
interplay
opportunity
costs
payment
levels,
which
has
negative
farmers
prioritized
marginal
land
adopted
non‐additional
Among
vary
regions,
tenure
relations
role
reasoning
stand
out.
We
find
unlikely
trigger
broader
shifts
towards
sustainable
management
but
there
some
potential
improvement,
mainly
by
increasing
flexibility,
spatial
targeting
ambition
schemes.
Read
free
Plain
Language
Summary
article
Journal
blog.
Climatic Change,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
177(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Abstract
Removing
greenhouse
gases
from
the
atmosphere
is
a
major
challenge
for
today’s
society.
A
great
source
of
potential
gas
sequestration
beneath
our
feet:
agricultural
soil.
By
accumulating
soil
organic
carbon
in
soil,
farmers
can
sequester
dioxide
and
simultaneously
reach
soils
more
resilient
to
extreme
weather
events.
To
encourage
build
up
humus
thus
carbon,
some
programmes
have
been
developed
by
non-governmental
organisations.
In
this
regard,
action-based
reward
systems
are
on
their
way
challenging
established
results-based
approaches.
Against
background,
we
analyse
how
approaches,
as
well
other
crucial
features
programmes,
affect
farmers’
willingness
participate
programme.
We
conducted
Discrete-Choice-Experiment
analysed
it
using
mixed
logit
model.
The
results
show
that
statistically
significant
preference
shorter
programme
durations,
higher
incentives,
an
annual
government-funded
payment.
More
specifically,
farmer
participation
twice
likely
if
formation
rewarded
action
rather
than
results.
willingness-to-accept
calculation
indicates
would
cost
funding
agency
about
€20
per
ton
sequestered
Above
all,
with
approach
payments
increase
participate.
Our
contribute
development
targeted
policies
soils.
PLOS Sustainability and Transformation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
4(3), P. e0000162 - e0000162
Published: March 3, 2025
Much
of
the
land
across
European
Union
(EU)
is
threatened
by
unsustainable
land-use
through
intensive
farming.
To
help
combat
this,
Agri-Environmental
Schemes
(AESs)
are
provided
EU
to
encourage
farmers
use
a
portion
their
aid
with
environmental
goals
such
as
sustainable
farming,
bio-diversity
or
landscape
recovery.
Farmers
in
given
opportunity
take
on
an
AES
for
monetary
payment
that
based
choice
scheme
and
amount
dedicated
it.
If
we
know
can
accurately
predict
which
adopt
AES,
then
if
intended
benefits
environment
according
likely
be
achieved.
As
preliminary
step,
develop
generalised
linear
model
coupled
microsimulation
fed
data
from
Farm
Accountancy
Data
Network
uptake.
We
find
able
approximately
70%
farmers’
decisions
whether
27
countries
EU.
In
future,
this
used
predict,
example,
chosen
schemes
adopted
will
lead
benefits,
changes
offered
may
affect
adoption.