A depressed patient in outpatient settings DOI Creative Commons
Н. В. Пизова, A. V. Pizov

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

Depression is a clinically significant and growing public health issue. As major global disease burden, its prevalence has been steadily increasing over the years, affecting different demographic groups. Depressive disorder characterized by low mood, loss of strength, sadness, insomnia, inability to feel pleasure. In outpatient settings, up one-third patients with depressive symptoms may have comorbidity. Many diseases associated symptoms. Cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, oncological, neurological disorders are an increased risk depression, potentially due chronic inflammation, neurochemical dysregulation, emotional social issues. drugs can cause symptoms, patient's medical history should include assessment use such drugs. Primary care physicians play important role in identifying treating depression. It recommended perform depression screening all adult female primary facilities. There general recommendations for initial treatment mild moderate adults. preference be given psychotherapy symptom monitoring, if improvement insufficient, pharmacotherapy used. Psychotherapy, or combination both considered Psychiatric consultation severe urgently any patient psychotic suicidal thoughts behaviour. Antidepressants basic therapy Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors first-line treat

Language: Английский

Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: from current to future applications DOI Creative Commons
Massimiliano Di Filippo, Lorenzo Gaetani, Diego Centonze

et al.

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 101009 - 101009

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. In last decade, landscape cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) blood biomarkers as potential key tools for MS diagnosis, prognosis treatment monitoring has evolved considerably, alongside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CSF analysis not only to provide information on underlying immunopathology disease exclude differential diagnoses, but also predict risk future relapses disability accrual, guide therapeutic decisions thus improve patient outcomes. This Series article overviews biological framework current applicability MS, exploring their role in molecular characterisation disease. We discuss recent advances field neurochemistry that enabled detection brain-derived proteins blood, opening door much more efficient longitudinal monitoring. Furthermore, we identify challenges application a real-world setting, while offering recommendations harnessing full paraclinical management personalise treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Epigenetics in autoimmune diseases: Unraveling the hidden regulators of immune dysregulation DOI Creative Commons
Giacomo Bagni, Edoardo Biancalana,

Emanuele Chiara

et al.

Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 103784 - 103784

Published: March 3, 2025

Autoimmune diseases result from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances in epigenetic research shed light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms that contribute to development progression of such conditions. The present review aims explore role modifications, including DNA methylation, histone non-coding RNAs, context autoimmune diseases. We discuss current understanding alterations associated with various disorders, their impact immune cell function, potential as innovative therapeutic targets. Additionally, we highlight main future directions field epigenetics autoimmunity.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The Use of Augmented Reality on a Self-Paced Treadmill to Quantify Attention and Footfall Placement Variability in Middle-Aged to Older-Aged Adults with Multiple Sclerosis DOI Open Access
Manuel E. Hernandez, Roee Holtzer,

Meltem İzzetoğlu

et al.

Sclerosis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 3 - 3

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Background/Objectives: Footfall placement variability is associated with falls in older adults and neurological diseases. Thus, the study of dual-task gait impairment middle-aged to older-aged multiple sclerosis (MS) clinically relevant, particularly environments that mimic obstacles experienced daily ambulation. Methods: A total 10 MS (eight female, mean ± SD age = 56 5 years), 12 healthy (HOAs, nine 63 4 young (HYAs, five 22 3) were asked perform cued walking (CW) or obstacle (OW) tasks without a concurrent backward alphabet recitation task (CWT, OWT), dual tasks. Gait performance attentional demands measured using hit rate, stride velocity, footfall bias variance, prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenated hemoglobin HbO levels. Results: significant condition-by-cohort interaction was seen variance as indicated by higher vs. single-task conditions HOAs, comparison HYAs MS. Further, levels PFC OW CW MS, compared Conclusions: The decreased accuracy increased attention visual cues on ground observed relative HYAs, may provide marker for fall risk

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A Window into New Insights on Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: Role of Therapies and Current Perspective DOI Open Access
Tommaso Guerra, Pietro Iaffaldano

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 884 - 884

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

In multiple sclerosis (MS), there is significant evidence indicating that both progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and relapse-related worsening events contribute to the accumulation progressive disability from onset disease throughout its course. Understanding compartmentalized pathophysiology MS would enhance comprehension mechanisms, overcoming traditional distinction in phenotypes. Smoldering thought be maintained by a continuous interaction between parenchymal chronic processes neuroinflammation neurodegeneration intrathecal compartment. This review provides comprehensive up-to-date overview neuropathological immunological related mechanisms underlying PIRA phenomena MS, with focus on studies investigating impact currently available therapies these complex mechanisms.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Lysophosphatidylcholine induces ceramide synthase-2 expression in primary culture model of astrocytopathy: potential therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis DOI
Abhipsa Mohapatra,

Amarjeet Amarjeet,

Bhaskaranand Pancholi

et al.

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Eye-Tracking Metrics as a Digital Biomarker for Neurocognitive Disorders in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review DOI Creative Commons
Sonja Cecchetti, Andrew T. Duchowski, Marco Cavallo

et al.

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 149 - 149

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease classified as neurodegenerative because it can be associated with the more or less progressive development of neurological symptoms and cognitive deficits. In recent years, various studies have started to investigate eye movements in relation impairment persons MS by means eye-tracking equipment. However, high heterogeneity paradigms used different studies, well methodologies included, makes difficult provide a complete precise picture this important research clinical issue. The purpose present in-depth scoping review was map existing literature field determine which metrics may relevant when dealing neurocognitive profile people MS. From analyses included anti-saccade latency errors were most frequently proposed metrics. Correlation between these measures showed significant associations them, calling for deeper investigation promising field. results strongly suggest that tracking play crucial role practice during early detection disorders. There great need primary addresses full complexity its phenotypes disease-related variables from multidisciplinary perspective. Future should clarify whether oculomotor dysfunction follows precedes

Language: Английский

Citations

0
SREBF1, a target gene of multiple sclerosis and coronary heart disease: based on mendelian randomization study DOI Creative Commons

Linqin Du,

Yangyang Cui, Zhou Yang

et al.

Hereditas, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 162(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Abstract Background and purpose Research shows that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are more likely to experience cardiovascular complications. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. This study investigated causal relationship between MS coronary heart disease (CHD) using Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques clarify direct effects identify relevant target genes. Methods We conducted various methods, including two-sample MR. method, reverse, multivariable MR analyses, examine CHD. These. methodologies effectively mitigate confounding variables neutralize adverse effects. Additionally, explored involvement of social factors through a two-step analysis. The research team performed thorough screening differentially expressed genes in based on GEO database, identifying potential may be associated genetic risk Enrichment analyses protein-protein interaction studies were used elucidate biological functions these included colocalization analysis summary data-based (SMR) method for further core obtain genes.Finally, we how might affect health by conducting phenome-wide Results Our findings revealed predisposition significantly increases CHD, an IVW-MR yielding odds ratio 1.091 (95% CI: 1.030, 1.155, P = 0.0029). Mediation frailty mediated 20.2% effect CHD ( 0.026), suggesting is critical pathway relationship. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increased developing both identified 3025 130 causally linked Protein-protein network 77 interacting genes, such as SREBF1 involved organelle regulation nucleic acid metabolism. Colocalization supported presence shared variants IL6R posterior probabilities (PPH4) 90.2% 92.3%, respectively. Interestingly, mendelian gene MS(bSMR=-0.174,PSMR 0.0218, PHEIDI 0.2806, topSNP: rs12951376). Further did not find significant evidence side targeted therapy against SREBF1. Conclusion provided indicating indivduals face higher disease. Furthermore, maybe which would contribute drug development.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
CSF biomarkers of B-cell activation in multiple sclerosis: a clinical perspective DOI Creative Commons

Elena Di Sabatino,

Diana Ferraro, Lorenzo Gaetani

et al.

Journal of Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 272(3)

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Abstract The role of B cells in the pathophysiology multiple sclerosis (MS) extends beyond antibody synthesis, also involving modulation T lymphocytes and myeloid cells. B-cell activation within Central Nervous System is associated with release various antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, measurable biofluids, thereby serving as biomarkers immune processes responsible for MS. To this purpose, a biomarker-based characterization disease through combination well-established markers, e.g., immunoglobulin (Ig) G index, IgG oligoclonal bands, Ig free light chains, new promising namely chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 13, activating factor/A proliferation-inducing ligand, might represent significant improvement management people

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Hypoxic Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis DOI Creative Commons
Bethany Y. A. Hollingworth, Patrick N. Pallier, Stuart I. Jenkins

et al.

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 248 - 248

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that damages the myelin sheath around central nervous system axons, leading to neurological dysfunction. Although initial damage driven by inflammation, hypoxia has been reported in several brain regions of MS patients, but significance this for prognosis and treatment remains unclear. Neuroinflammation can induce hypoxia, exacerbate neuroinflammation, forming a vicious cycle. Within lesions, demyelination often followed remyelination, which may restore function. However, demyelinated axons are vulnerable damage, leads accumulation permanent dysfunction typical MS, with vulnerability heightened during hypoxia. Clinically approved therapies immunomodulatory, reduce relapse frequency/severity, there lack pro-regenerative example promoting remyelination. All tissues have protective responses be relevant especially remyelinating episodes. When oxygen levels reduced brain, constitutively expressed hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) stabilised, upregulating hundreds genes, including neuroprotective factors. Furthermore, astrocytes upregulate heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like (HB-EGF) early stage MS. HB-EGF promotes mechanisms induces oligodendrocyte neuron differentiation survival. This review article outlines neuroinflammation cycle pathology identifies potential therapeutic targets limit neurodegeneration and/or promote regeneration. Both HIF signalling pathways endogenous protection CNS, neuroprotection remyelination directly, also indirectly modulating immune response Promoting such could effective therapy patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Modulating lipid droplet dynamics in neurodegeneration: an emerging area of molecular pharmacology DOI

RS Verma,

Prateek Sharma,

Veerta Sharma

et al.

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0