The role of ncRNAs and exosomes in the development and progression of endometrial cancer

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic cancers. In recent years, research has focused on genetic characteristics tumors to detail their prognosis and tailor therapy. case EC, mutations have been shown underlie formation. It very important know mechanisms EC formation related induced by estrogen, among other things. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), composed nucleotide transcripts with low protein-coding capacity, are proving be important. Their expression patterns in many malignancies can inhibit tumor progression. They also regulate protein coding at epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), several varieties which associated normal endometrium as well its tumor, play a particularly role gene expression. MiRNAs long noncoding (lncRNAs) affect pathways tissues roles development, invasion, metastasis, resistance anticancer drugs through such suppression apoptosis progression stem cells. worth noting that miRNAs highly precise, sensitive, robust, making them potential markers for diagnosing cancers Unfortunately, incidence increases, treatment becomes challenging limited invasive tools. The prospect using microRNAs candidates diagnostic therapeutic use seems promising. Exosomes extracellular vesicles released from types cells, including contain proteins, DNA, various RNA, miRNAs. RNA components exosomes vary widely, depending physiology tissue cells they originate. both DNA communication functions between Exosomal mediate tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophages (TAMs) key cell proliferation microenvironment Oncogenes carried induce malignant transformation target During synthesis exosomes, factors, proteomic data upregulated. Thus, considered an interesting diagnosis endometrial analyzing biomarkers contained exosomes. Expression miRNAs, miR-15a-5p, was elevated derived plasma patients. This may suggest utility this biomarker EC. researchers become interested topic prognostic there still too few identified support cancer. Further into effects ncRNAs allow breakthroughs.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle and lipoprotein diagnostics (ExoLP-Dx) with membrane sensor: A robust microfluidic platform to overcome heterogeneity

Biomicrofluidics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(4)

Published: July 1, 2024

The physiological origins and functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) lipoproteins (LPs) propel advancements in precision medicine by offering non-invasive diagnostic therapeutic prospects for cancers, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases. However, EV/LP diagnostics (ExoLP-Dx) face considerable challenges. Their intrinsic heterogeneity, spanning biogenesis pathways, surface protein composition, concentration metrics complicate traditional approaches. Commonly used methods such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nuclear magnetic resonance do not provide any information about their proteomic subfractions, including active proteins/enzymes involved essential pathways/functions. Size constraints limit the efficacy flow cytometry small EVs LPs, while ultracentrifugation isolation is hampered co-elution with non-target entities. In this perspective, we propose a charge-based electrokinetic membrane sensor, silica reporters providing salient features, that can overcome interference, long incubation time, sensitivity, normalization issues ExoLP-Dx from raw plasma without needing sample pretreatment/isolation. A universal standard curve obtained despite heterogeneities.

Language: Английский

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Immunojanus Particles for low-volume and isolation-free unlabeled characterization of small Extracellular Vesicle in biofluids: Characterization of disease type by surface marker profiling

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are vital for cellular communication and serve as critical biomarker carriers diseases such cancer. However, quantifying profiling sEV surface markers presents significant challenges due to the low concentration of specific sEV-bound proteins interference by more abundant dispersed proteins. This paper Immunojanus Particles (IJPs), a new method that enables direct detection sEVs in less than an hour without isolation. The design IJPs incorporates fluorescent non-fluorescent halves, utilizing rotational Brownian motion detect captured through change blinking rate, from smaller We demonstrate limit 2E5 sEVs/mL with sample volumes capability characterize directly plasma, serum, cell culture media, urine. In small pilot study involving 87 subjects, including individuals colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, Alzheimer’s disease, healthy controls, our accurately identified type disease high 0.90-0.99 AUC blind setting. Compared orthogonal ultracentrifugation plus plasmon resonance (UC+SPR) requires about 24 hours, sensitivity dynamic range IJP better 2 logs.

Language: Английский

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Emerging biologic and clinical implications of miR-182-5p in gynecologic cancers

Clinical & Translational Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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