Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 128(7), P. 2657 - 2669

Published: May 13, 2018

Countless times each day, the acute inflammatory response protects us from invading microbes, injuries, and insults within, as in surgery-induced tissue injury. These challenges go unnoticed because they are self-limited naturally resolve without progressing to chronic inflammation. Peripheral blood markers of inflammation present many common diseases, including bowel disease, cardiovascular neurodegenerative cancer. While is protective, excessive swarming neutrophils amplifies collateral damage Hence, understanding mechanisms that control resolution provides insight into preventing treating diseases multiple organs. This Review focuses on phase with identification specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) involve three separate biosynthetic potent mediator families, which defined using first quantitative indices score this vital process. resolvins, protectins, maresins: bioactive metabolomes stimulate innate responses, enhance microbial killing clearance, organ-protective. We briefly address biosynthesis SPMs their activation endogenous programs terrain for new therapeutic approaches not, by definition, immunosuppressive, but rather immunoresolvent therapies.

Language: Английский

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Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 432 - 432

Published: March 30, 2018

Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types cancer. The classic response acute reaction infections or tissue injuries, it tends move towards resolution homeostasis. However, process was observed individuals affected by obesity metabolic syndrome differs from classical respects. This manifests itself systemically characterized a chronic low-intensity reaction. toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway acknowledged as one main triggers obesity-induced response. aim present review describe role played TLR4 its modulation saturated omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Studies indicate acids can induce inflammation activating pathway. Conversely, acids, such eicosapentaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid, exert anti-inflammatory actions through attenuation activation either lipopolysaccharides

Language: Английский

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The role of inflammation in the development of epilepsy

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 15, 2018

Epilepsy, a neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures, is often associated with history of previous lesions in the nervous system. Impaired regulation activation and resolution inflammatory cells molecules injured neuronal tissue critical factor to development epilepsy. However, it still unclear as how that unbalanced inflammation contributes Therefore, one goals epilepsy research identify elucidate interconnected pathways systemic disorders may further develop progression. In this paper, molecules, (rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s, Type I Diabetes, etc.) could contribute development, are reviewed. Understanding neurobiology epileptogenesis will new biomarkers for better screening patients at risk therapeutic targets both prophylaxis treatment

Language: Английский

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Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19

BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 74 - 92

Published: May 20, 2020

The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). To deal with this array of threats, has evolved to include a myriad specialised cell types, communicating molecules and functional responses. is always active, carrying out surveillance, but its activity enhanced if an individual becomes infected. This heightened accompanied by increased rate metabolism, requiring energy sources, substrates for biosynthesis regulatory molecules, which are all ultimately derived diet. A number vitamins (A, B 6 , 12 folate, C, D E) trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) have been demonstrated key roles in supporting human reducing risk infections. Other essential nutrients including other elements, amino acids fatty also important. Each named above antibacterial antiviral defence, zinc selenium seem be particularly important latter. It would prudent individuals consume sufficient amounts support their help them pathogens should they become gut microbiota plays role educating regulating system. Gut dysbiosis feature disease many infectious diseases described COVID-19. Dietary approaches achieve healthy can benefit Severe infection respiratory epithelium lead acute distress syndrome (ARDS), characterised excessive damaging inflammation, termed cytokine storm. seen cases severe There evidence ARDS settings that storm controlled n-3 acids, possibly through metabolism pro-resolving mediators.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive Lipids and Chronic Inflammation: Managing the Fire Within

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 29, 2018

Inflammation is an immune response that works as a contained fire pre-emptively sparked defensive process during infections or upon any kind of tissue insult, and spontaneously extinguished after elimination termination the damage. However, persistent uncontrolled reactions act wildfire promote chronic inflammation, unresolved damage and, eventually, diseases. A wide network soluble mediators, among which endogenous bioactive lipids, governs all processes. They are secreted by basically cells involved in inflammatory processes constitute crucial infrastructure trigger, coordinate confine mechanisms. these molecules also deeply detrimental transition from to be it for excessive action pro-inflammatory lipids impairment functions carried out resolving ones. As matter fact, have been linked, date, several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, bowel disease, lupus multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes current knowledge on involvement main classes – namely classical eicosanoids, pro-resolving lipid lysoglycerophospholipids/sphingolipids endocannabinoids cellular molecular mechanisms lead pathogenesis disorders.

Language: Английский

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived lipid mediators: Recent advances in the understanding of their biosynthesis, structures, and functions

Progress in Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 86, P. 101165 - 101165

Published: April 1, 2022

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids, and influence cellular function via effects on properties, also by acting as a precursor pool for lipid mediators. These mediators formed activation pathways involving at least one step dioxygen-dependent oxidation, consequently called oxylipins. Their biosynthesis can be either enzymatically-dependent, utilising the promiscuous cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or cytochrome P450 mixed oxidase pathways, nonenzymatic free radical-catalyzed pathways. The oxylipins include classical eicosanoids, comprising prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, more recently identified With advent new technologies there is growing interest in identifying these different characterising their roles health disease. This review brings together contributions from some those forefront research into mediators, who provide brief introductions summaries current understanding structure functions main classes nonclassical topics covered omega-3 omega-6 PUFA focusing acid desaturase enzymes, oxidized linoleic metabolites, PUFA-derived specialized pro-resolving elovanoids, nonenzymatically PUFAs, esters hydroxy acids.

Language: Английский

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Specialized pro-resolving mediator network: an update on production and actions

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 64(3), P. 443 - 462

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Abstract Today, persistent and uncontrolled inflammation is appreciated to play a pivotal role in many diseases, such as cardiovascular neurodegenerative metabolic syndrome other diseases of public health concern (e.g. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) periodontal disease). The ideal response initial challenge humans self-limited inflammatory leading complete resolution. resolution phase now widely recognized biosynthetically active process, governed by superfamily endogenous chemical mediators that stimulate responses, namely specialized proresolving (SPMs). Because the natural response, SPMs have gained attention. are include ω-6 arachidonic acid-derived lipoxins, ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docosahexaenoic (DHA)-derived resolvins, protectins maresins, cysteinyl-SPMs, well n-3 docosapentaenoic (DPA)-derived SPMs. These novel immunoresolvents, their biosynthetic pathways receptors proven promote inflammation, clearance microbes, reduce pain tissue regeneration via specific cellular molecular mechanisms. As 17 August, 2020, PubMed.gov reported >1170 publications for confirming potent protective actions from laboratories worldwide. Since this field rapidly expanding, we provide short update advances within 2–3 years human preclinical animal studies, together with structural–functional elucidation identification SPM receptors. new discoveries indicate SPMs, could basis approaches treating inflammation-associated stimulating pharmacology precision nutrition.

Language: Английский

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Diet, Stress and Mental Health

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 2428 - 2428

Published: Aug. 13, 2020

Introduction: There has long been an interest in the effects of diet on mental health, and interaction two with stress; however, nature these relationships is not well understood. Although associations between diet, obesity related metabolic syndrome (MetS), stress, disorders exist, causal pathways have established. Methods: We reviewed literature relationship psychiatric to stress. Results: Diet can affect mood through direct effects, or stress-related could lead changes habits that weight. Alternatively, common factors such as stress predisposition both disorders, depression posttraumatic disorder (PTSD). Specific aspects acute stimulate inflammation, which led efforts assess polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) a treatment for depression. Bidirectional different are also likely. Finally, there increased attention recently gut brain, realization microbiome influence brain function probably behavior, introducing another way health disorders. Brain areas neurotransmitters neuropeptides involved appetite likely play role mediating this relationship. Conclusions: Understanding behavior important implications obesity.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 133 - 169

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic target for pain, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 62 - 76

Published: June 20, 2017

Language: Английский

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