Exploring BPA alternatives – Environmental levels and toxicity review

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 189, P. 108728 - 108728

Published: May 23, 2024

Bisphenol A alternatives are manufactured as potentially less harmful substitutes of bisphenol (BPA) that offer similar functionality. These already in the market, entering environment and thus raising ecological concerns. However, it can be expected levels BPA will dominate future, they limited information on their environmental safety. The EU PARC project highlights priority chemicals consolidates alternatives, with a focus relevance identification research gaps. review highlighted aspects future perspectives. In brief, an extension monitoring is crucial, extending to cover track facilitate timely implementation mitigation measures. biological activity has been studied for but non-systematic way prioritized number chemicals. For several data provided substantial evidence regarding potential harm environment. We stress importance conducting more comprehensive assessments go beyond traditional reproductive studies overlooked relevant endpoints. Future should also consider mixture effects, realistic concentrations, long-term consequences biota ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Morphological Characteristics, Mitochondrial Genome, and Evolutionary Insights Into a New Sea Squirt From the Beibu Gulf

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT A new species of the genus Microcosmus was described in this study based on specimens collected from coast Xilian Town, Xuwen County, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. The morphological and molecular characteristics species, sp. z YZ‐2024 (YZ‐2024), distinguish it other sea squirts. Firstly, can be preliminarily distinguished by following features: (1) smooth surface tunica, without protuberances; (2) except for attachment site, tunica is orange‐red; (3) absence neural ganglia, does not contract abruptly when disturbed; (4) heart oval‐shaped. Most importantly, mitochondrial genome effectively accurately congeneric with a size 14,520 bp (GenBank No. PP067884 ) proportions bases A, T, G, C comprising 26.83%, 47.16%, 16.91%, 9.10%, respectively. Except gene COX1, arrangement totally different that 22 class Ascidiacea. Evolutionary analysis has indicated clusters its sulcatus . Interestingly, belongs to Pyuridae, but clustered 12 Styelidae into clade. Based this, suggested squirt northern Beibu Gulf South China Sea. Moreover, first report identification

Language: Английский

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Nanoplastic-Induced Developmental Toxicity in Ascidians: Comparative Analysis of Chorionated and Dechorionated Phallusia mammillata Embryos

Journal of Xenobiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 10 - 10

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Nanoplastics pose a growing threat to marine ecosystems, particularly affecting the early developmental stages of organisms. This study investigates effects amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH2, 50 nm) on embryonic development Phallusia mammillata, model ascidian species. Both chorionated and dechorionated embryos were exposed increasing concentrations PS-NH2 so morphological alterations could be assessed with high-content analysis phenotypes genotoxicity. induced same in both embryos, being more sensitive (EC50 = 3.0 μg mL-1) than ones 6.26 mL-1). Interestingly, results from showed two concentration-dependent mechanisms action: (i) at near EC50, neurodevelopmental abnormalities resembling by exposure known endocrine disruptors (EDs) observed, (ii) higher (15 mL-1 7.5 for respectively), nonspecific toxicity was evident, likely due general oxidative stress. The resulting treatment not related DNA damage, as revealed genotoxicity assay performed neurula embryos. Our data suggest that PS-NH2-induced is primarily mediated through stress, probably triggered interactions between positive charges PS NPs negative cell membranes. lack protective chorion further exacerbated these effects, highlighting its role mitigating/protecting against NP-induced damage.

Language: Английский

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Do DOM quality and origin affect the uptake and accumulation of a lipid-soluble contaminant in a filter feeding ascidian species (Ciona) that can target small particle size classes?

Aquatic Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 273, P. 107026 - 107026

Published: July 14, 2024

The widely reported increase of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (terrDOM) in northern latitude coastal areas ("coastal darkening") can impact contaminant dynamics affected systems. One potential is based on differences chemical adsorption processes the molecularly larger terrDOM compared to marine DOM (marDOM) that leads increased emulsification lipophilic contaminants with terrDOM. Filter feeders filter large amounts water and daily thus are directly exposed associated through both respiration feeding activity. Thus, exposure could potentially lead an bioaccumulation lipid soluble feeders. To assess effect feeders, we mucous ascidian Ciona intestinalis (formerly known as Type B), veterinary drug teflubenzuron (log KOW: 5.39) combination four treatments: TerrDOM, marDOM, a mix two called mixDOM, seawater without addition. lasted for 15 days, after which individuals all treatments showed trend towards higher Teflubenzuron than those control. However, there was considerable overlap posterior distributions. Against our expectations, marDOM resulted highest factor (BAF), followed by resulting lowest BAF except (kinetic L/kg median, 2.5 %–97.5 % percentile 94, 74–118; mixDOM 82, 63–104; 79; 61-99; 61, 44–79). All BAFs were below level concern according EU REACH regulation (BAF < 2000 L / kg) and, therefore, likely not environmentally problematic examined context. results show act dietary vector; thus, different combinations contaminants, DOM, organisms should be tested further.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Ascidians as Model Organisms for Environmental Risk Assessment

Environments, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 232 - 232

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) often relies on a restricted set of species as bio-indicators, introducing uncertainty when modeling complex environmental variables. This may lead to oversimplified or erroneous risk assessments. Ascidians, marine filter-feeding sessile chordates, are valuable models for scientific research in various biological fields such stem cell biology, embryogenesis, regeneration, innate immunity, and developmental biology. Their global distribution, sensitivity pollutants, high abundance, mass sexual reproduction, habitation coastal areas impacted by anthropogenic pollution make them excellent indicators monitoring changes, including invasions diversity diminution cases. Despite their potential bioindicators, ascidians remain underutilized ERAs (≤0.13% ERA studies), particularly the field chemical impact assessment, primarily due lack standardization. underrepresentation poses challenge accurate modeling, especially relying broad range (e.g., Species Sensitivity Distributions). Given these constraints, expanding use could improve comprehension precision changes underscores necessity future establish standardized testing protocols choose most suitable ascidian inclusion ERAs.

Language: Английский

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