Systematic conservation prioritization with the prioritizr R package

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Abstract Plans for expanding protected area systems (prioritizations) need to fulfill conservation objectives. They also account other factors, such as economic feasibility and anthropogenic land‐use requirements. Although prioritizations are often generated with decision support tools, most tools have limitations that hinder their use decision‐making. We outlined how the prioritizr R package ( https://prioritizr.net ) can be used systematic prioritization. This tool provides a flexible interface build planning problems. It leverage variety of commercial (e.g., Gurobi) open‐source CBC SYMPHONY) exact algorithm solvers identify optimal solutions in short period. is compatible spatially explicit ESRI Shapefile, GeoTIFF) nonspatial tabular Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet) data formats. Additionally, it functionality evaluating prioritizations, assessing relative importance different places selected by To showcase package, we applied case study based Washington state (United States) which developed prioritization improve coverage native avifauna. accounted land acquisition costs, existing areas, might not suitable establishment, spatial fragmentation. conducted benchmark analysis examine performance solvers. The identified 12,400 km 2 priority areas increasing percentage species’ distributions covered areas. open source were able quickly solve large‐scale problems, required complex, problems.. available on Comprehensive Archive Network (CRAN). In addition reserve selection, inform habitat restoration, connectivity enhancement, ecosystem service provisioning. has been numerous exercises best practices aid real‐world

Language: Английский

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Ocean protection quality is lagging behind quantity: Applying a scientific framework to assess real marine protected area progress against the 30 by 30 target

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(3)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract The international community set a global conservation target to protect at least 30% of the ocean by 2030 (“30 × 30”) reverse biodiversity loss, including through marine protected areas (MPAs). However, varied MPAs result in significantly different outcomes, making MPA coverage alone an inadequate metric. We used Guide framework assess world's largest 100 area, representing nearly 90% reported and 7.3% analyzed distribution quality across political ecological regions. A quarter assessed is not implemented, one‐third incompatible with nature. Two factors contribute this outcome: (1) many lack regulations or management, (2) some allow high‐impact activities. Fully highly account for area but are unevenly distributed ecoregions part because nations have designated large, their overseas remote territories. Indicators quality, only coverage, needed ensure network that covers effectively safeguards representative ecosystems from destructive human

Language: Английский

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Towards climate-smart, three-dimensional protected areas for biodiversity conservation in the high seas

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 402 - 407

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Global expansion of marine protected areas and the redistribution of fishing effort

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(29)

Published: July 9, 2024

The expansion of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a core focus global conservation efforts, with the “30x30” initiative to protect 30% ocean by 2030 serving as prominent example this trend. We consider series proposed MPA network expansions various sizes, and we forecast impact increase in protection would have on patterns fishing effort. do so building predictive machine learning model trained dataset satellite-based vessel monitoring data, current locations, spatiotemporal environmental, geographic, political, economic features. then use predict future effort under scenarios compared business-as-usual counterfactual scenario that includes no new MPAs. difference between these represents predicted change associated expansion. find regardless objectives or size, decrease inside MPAs, though much less than 100%. Moreover, reduction MPAs does not simply redistribute outside—rather, outside also decline. overall magnitude principally depends where networks are placed relation existing will lead redistribution should be accounted for design, implementation, evaluation.

Language: Английский

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Joining Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery with GIS for Monitoring of Soft Cliff Linear Habitats

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 80 - 80

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

In the coastal zone, two types of habitats—linear and areal—are distinguished. The main differences between both are their shape structure hydro- litho-dynamic, salinity, ecological gradients. Studying linear littoral habitats is essential for interpreting ’coastal squeeze’ effect. study’s objective was to assess short-term behavior soft cliffs as during calm season storm events in example Olandų Kepurė cliff, located on a peri-urban protected seashore (Baltic Sea, Lithuania). approach combined surveillance cliff using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with data analysis an ArcGIS algorithm specially adjusted habitats. authors discerned forms—cliff base cavities scarp slumps. slumps more widely spread. It particularly noticeable at beginning spring–summer period when difference occurrence forms 3.5 times. contrast, proliferate spring. This phenomenon might be related seasonal Baltic Sea level rise. conclusion that 55 m long cells optimal analyzing UAV GIS.

Language: Английский

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Coral Reefs of the High Seas: Hidden Biodiversity Hotspots in Need of Protection

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Sept. 14, 2020

Coral reefs are widely regarded as one of the top science and conservation priorities globally, previous research has demonstrated that these ecosystems harbor an extraordinary biodiversity, myriad ecosystem services, highly vulnerable to human stressors. However, most this knowledge is derived from studies on nearshore shallow-water reefs, with coral reef remaining virtually unstudied in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), commonly known high seas. We reviewed information spatial distribution reef-building corals throughout their depth range, compiled a total 537,782 records, including 116 unique records ABNJ at depths between 218-5,647 m. The majority were association geomorphological features have steep topographies. These habitats, which include escarpments, seamounts, submarine ridges accounted for >74% international waters. Such features, particularly those occur within close proximity sea surface, should be prioritized future scientific exploration. (>77%) recorded unprotected waters, study discusses challenges opportunities protecting biodiversity ABNJ. Finally, offers definition seas provides framework better understand conserve fragile ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Getting beyond yes: fast-tracking implementation of the United Nations agreement for marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction

npj Ocean Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

With a new international agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) horizon, now is time to start laying foundation for successful implementation. This paper provides some initial reflections supporting rapid, effective, equitable implementation BBNJ Agreement in three priority areas: (1) bringing into force; (2) establishing institutional framework, including financial mechanisms; (3) developing capacity, science, technology. reference selected examples from other processes, makes suggestions encouraging wide ratification Agreement, Preparatory Commission (PrepCom), mobilizing resources, building partnerships advance science capacity. The growing impacts climate change human activities global ocean necessitate urgent action, so we must begin work as soon possible secure health benefit present future generations.

Language: Английский

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A Scientific Synthesis of Marine Protected Areas in the United States: Status and Recommendations

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 18, 2022

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a key tool for achieving goals biodiversity conservation and human well-being, including improving climate resilience equitable access to nature. At national level, they central components in the U.S. commitment conserve at least 30% of waters by 2030. By definition, primary goal an MPA is long-term nature; however, not all MPAs provide same ecological social benefits. A system that equitable, well-managed, representative connected, includes level protection can deliver desired outcomes best positioned support goals. We used new framework, The Guide, assess stage establishment 50 largest MPAs, which make up 99.7% total area (3.19 million km 2 ). Over 96% this area, 99% fully or highly against extractive destructive activities, Pacific ocean. Total other regions sparse – only 1.9% ocean excluding any kind (120,976 three quarters non-central lightly minimally activities. These results highlight urgent need improve quality, quantity, representativeness bring benefits marine communities. identify review state science, focal lessons learned from places where sound design principles come together set achieve equity, resilience, conservation. recommend opportunities action specific context, increasing funding, research, existing MPAs.

Language: Английский

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Opportunities and challenges for improving fisheries management through greater transparency in vessel tracking

ICES Journal of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(4), P. 675 - 689

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract When fisheries managers cannot see who is fishing or where occurs, their scope for management interventions limited. This lack of transparency in spatial activity considered a key enabler illegal and overfishing hinders consumers aim to achieve sustainable fisheries. Increasing vessel location tracking gaining momentum as promising way improve global However, the mechanisms through which can have not been carefully studied. paper provides conceptual overview potential greater transparency, both quantity vessels tracked availability data, from help goals. We identify four pathways these data conditions that enable be an effective governance tool. qualitatively examine costs benefits alternative models including hypothetical, fully transparent system. highlight how depend on context goals, opportunities future research address information gaps.

Language: Английский

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Tracking the response of industrial fishing fleets to large marine protected areas in the Pacific Ocean

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(6), P. 1571 - 1578

Published: Oct. 8, 2020

Abstract Large marine protected areas (MPAs) of unprecedented size have recently been established across the global oceans, yet their ability to meet conservation objectives is debated. Key debate include uncertainty over nations’ abilities enforce fishing bans vast, remote regions and intensity human impacts before after MPA implementation. We used a developed vessel tracking data set (produced using Automatic Identification System detections) quantify response industrial fleets 5 largest MPAs in Pacific Ocean since 2013. After implementation, all successfully kept effort exceptionally low. Detected was already low 4 large prior particularly relative nearby that did not receive formal protection. Our results suggest these may present major opportunities relatively intact ecosystems with immediate impact fisheries, but we considered often significantly reduce because baseline typically It be determined how shape ocean future if footprint influence continues expand. Continued improvement understanding interact fisheries crucial step toward defining role management.

Language: Английский

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