Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
196(7)
Published: June 27, 2024
Abstract
Microplastics
in
the
environment
are
considered
complex
pollutants
as
they
chemical
and
corrosive-resistant,
non-biodegradable
ubiquitous.
These
microplastics
may
act
vectors
for
dissemination
of
other
transmission
microorganisms
into
water
environment.
The
currently
available
literature
reviews
focus
on
analysing
occurrence,
environmental
effects
methods
microplastic
detection,
however
lacking
a
wide-scale
systematic
review
classification
mathematical
modelling
applications.
Thus,
current
provides
global
overview
methodologies
used
transport
fate
environments.
This
consolidates,
classifies
analyses
methods,
model
inputs
results
61
studies
last
decade
(2012–2022).
It
thoroughly
discusses
their
strengths,
weaknesses
common
gaps
framework.
Five
main
types
were
classified
follows:
hydrodynamic,
process-based,
statistical,
mass-balance
machine
learning
models.
Further,
categorisations
based
environments,
location
published
year
these
applications
also
adopted.
is
concluded
that
addressed
resulted
relatively
reliable
outcomes,
yet
each
framework
has
its
strengths
weaknesses.
However,
issues
found
such
being
unrealistically
assumed,
especially
biological
processes,
lack
sufficient
field
data
calibration
validation.
For
future
research,
it
recommended
to
incorporate
macroplastics’
degradation
rates,
particles
different
shapes
sizes
vertical
mixing
due
biofouling
turbulent
conditions
more
experimental
obtain
precise
standardised
sampling
surface
column
waters.
ABSTRACT
Microplastics
have
received
increased
attention
due
to
their
negative
impacts
on
the
environment
and
human
health.
To
minimize
these
impacts,
mitigation
strategies
that
are
efficient
cost‐effective
for
a
range
of
plausible
conditions
need
be
developed.
Models
can
used
support
mitigation‐related
decisions.
However,
modeling
studies
related
export
microplastics
from
terrestrial
aquatic
systems
been
limited.
Here,
we
review
such
studies,
trends
over
time
geography
focus,
discuss
pertinent
concepts
underlying
physical,
chemical,
biological
processes.
We
categorize
published
limitations,
provide
recommendations
future
research
fill
key
knowledge
gaps.
Future
efforts
should
focus
collecting
more
comprehensive
field
data
validation,
developing
continuous
models
event‐based,
conducting
experimental
better
understand
fundamental
processes,
hybrid
frameworks,
adopting
sediment
transport
approaches,
incorporating
land
management
practices
in
models,
integrating
surface
sub‐surface
processes
at
watershed
scale,
utilizing
advanced
data‐driven
like
foundation
models.
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
Polystyrene
is
widely
used
in
disposable
products
and
now
a
ubiquitous
plastic
pollutant
aquatic
environments,
where
it
degrades
into
smaller
particles
that
leach
potentially
toxic
chemicals.
However,
knowledge
regarding
the
impacts
of
leachates
remains
limited.
This
study
investigates
lethal
nonlethal
effects
polystyrene
leachate
on
two
ecologically
significant
organisms,
Daphnia
magna
(water
flea)
Artemia
salina
(brine
shrimp).
were
prepared
seawater,
freshwater,
sterile,
pure
water
by
incubating
material
each
media
under
natural
conditions
for
six
months.
D.
A.
exposed
to
varying
concentrations
controlled
laboratory
conditions,
monitoring
their
survival,
as
well
measuring
reactive
oxygen
species
antioxidant
responses
superoxide
dismutase
catalase
activity.
The
data
show
was
more
significantly
affected
with
higher
mortality
observed
at
lower
concentrations,
linked
seawater
enhancing
leaching
additives.
Moreover,
non-lethal
antioxidative
maintained
homeostasis
both
organisms.
Considering
current
reported
microplastic
aquatics
adequate
response,
from
does
not
pose
severe
threat
these
Nevertheless,
hydrological
characteristics
waterbodies
may
cause
hotspots,
which
could
concentrate
plastics
thus
leachates,
necessitating
action
reduce
pollution
level
avoid
future
surges.
highlights
ecological
significance
pollution,
emphasizing
need
comprehensive
regulatory
measures
development
sustainable
alternatives
polystyrene-based
products.
distinct
imply
impact
varies
among
species,
further
research
elucidate
broader
consequences.
Understanding
how
affects
keystone
provides
crucial
insights
overall
implications
ecosystems.
Microplastics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
4(1), P. 12 - 12
Published: March 5, 2025
This
study
focuses
on
the
deposition
of
microplastics
(MPs)
urban
beaches
along
central
São
Paulo
coastline,
utilizing
advanced
methodologies
such
as
remote
sensing,
GNSS
altimetric
surveys,
µ-Raman
spectroscopy,
and
machine
learning
(ML)
models.
MP
concentrations
ranged
from
6
to
35
MPs/m2,
with
highest
densities
observed
near
Port
Santos,
attributed
industrial
port
activities.
The
predominant
types
identified
were
foams
(48.7%),
fragments
(27.7%),
pellets
(23.2%),
while
fibers
rare
(0.4%).
Beach
slope
orientation
found
facilitate
concentration
deposition,
particularly
for
pellets.
study’s
ML
models
showed
high
predictive
accuracy,
Random
Forest
Gradient
Boosting
performing
exceptionally
well
specific
categories
(pellet,
fragment,
fiber,
foam,
film).
Polymer
characterization
revealed
prevalence
polyethylene,
polypropylene,
polystyrene,
reflecting
sources
disposable
packaging
raw
materials.
findings
emphasize
need
improved
waste
management
targeted
beach
cleanups,
which
currently
fail
address
smaller
MPs
effectively.
research
highlights
critical
role
combining
in
situ
data
understand
dynamics
coastal
environments.
It
provides
actionable
insights
mitigation
strategies
contributes
global
efforts
aligned
Sustainable
Development
Goals,
SDG
14,
aimed
at
conserving
marine
ecosystems
reducing
pollution.
