Ischemic
stroke
(IS)
affects
15
million
people
globally
which
leads
to
death
or
disability.
Currently,
Tissue
plasminogen
activator
(tPA)
is
the
only
medication
approved
by
US
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
for
treating
IS.
This
treatment
eliminates
brain's
blood
shortage
reperfusion-related
adverse
effects
that
cause
significant
tissue
damage.
Therefore,
novel
approaches
are
urgently
needed
preserve
integrity
of
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
salvageable
brain
tissue.
Nanomedicine
opens
a
new
door
emerging
strategies
can
be
promising
therapeutic
chapter
first
discusses
pathophysiology
different
events
IS,
then
available
interventions
IS
followed
nanocarriers
available.
also
covers
viral
vectors
extracellular
vesicles
Also,
it
focuses
on
intranasal
administration
nanomedicines,
might
cross
BBB
finally
toxicity
related
completely
focused
using
nanomedicines
use
Unveiling
underlying
pathological
mechanisms
and
the
development
of
improved
diagnostic
therapeutic
modalities
are
main
arenas
clinical
research
development.
When
it
comes
to
neurological
disorders,
highly
complex
self-contained
organization
nervous
system
makes
window
intervention
arduous
limiting.
Blood-brain,
blood-spinal,
blood-nerve
barriers,
though
being
formidable
checkpoints
for
various
insults
that
can
hamper
normal
functioning
system,
actually
offer
an
impediment
pharmaceutical
entities
otherwise
be
obliged
as
important
options.
Nanoscience
has
made
a
celebrated
contribution
field
neuro-theranostics
in
recent
decades
due
exceptional
chemical,
electrical,
optical,
biological,
magnetic
properties
nanomaterials.
Nanomaterials
proved
efficacious
bypassing
barriers
impossible
traversed.
Customizing
nanomaterials
with
agents
specialized
delivery
tissue
neuro-nanotechnology
paradigm
approach
neuromedicine.
Parasitic
diseases
affecting
millions
of
people
globally
cause
fatalities
and
incapacitating
conditions.
It
is,
therefore,
essential
to
detect
parasitic
by
looking
for
the
parasite/s
or
their
specific
proteases
that
they
produce
at
different
phases
life
cycles.
Numerous
symptoms
indicators
can
result
from
a
infection
neurological
system,
but
it
is
still
challenging
diagnose
an
because
are
frequently
vague
minor.
more
likely
parasite
nervous
system
will
be
identified
treated
well
if
one
familiar
with
fundamental
epidemiological
traits
distinctive
radiography
findings.
For
accurate
diagnosis
these
disorders,
proper
identification
adoption
acceptable
public
health
measures
management
epidemic
outbreaks
required.
numerous
diseases,
conventional
in
vitro
techniques
time-consuming
need
centralized
facilities.
So,
development
biosensor
technology
could
lead
point-of-care
diagnostics
as
accurate,
fast,
affordable
better
than
current
standards.
Modern
biosensors
include
varied
sensing
techniques,
such
optical,
electrical,
mechanical
transducers,
micro-
nanofabrication
technologies.
Only
handful
well-known
examples
have
successfully
transitioned
laboratory
research
clinical
applications
despite
medical
community.
Biosensor-based
protozoan
like
malaria,
leishmaniasis,
American
trypanosomiasis
(Chagas
disease),
toxoplasmosis
has
been
accomplished
infancy
stage.
In
addition
advancements
infections,
we
highlight
considerable
challenges
must
overcome
order
bring
integrated
diagnostic
into
use
real-world
scenarios.
The
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
is
imperative
in
maintaining
a
homeostatic
balance
between
the
mind
and
physiological
state
of
being.
Any
form
physical
or
biological
impairment
demonstrating
deteriorating
condition
characterized
as
neurological
disorders
(NDs),
primarily
comprising
neurodegenerative,
immunogenic,
neuro-muscular,
trauma-induced,
neuropathic,
psychological
ailments.
Conventional
medications
nonspecific
therapeutics
available
market
either
suppress
symptoms
delayed
disease
progression
rate.
However,
nothing
has
yet
been
developed
to
eradicate
revert
normal
cerebral
conditions.
conventional
strategies
have
low
efficacy
show
limited
mitigation
due
their
inability
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB).
Since
dawn
materials
sciences,
nanotechnological
interventions
catering
fabricate
biocompatible
nanoformulations
actualize
alternate
drug
delivery
platforms,
which
specifically
target
prominent
biomarkers
associated
with
NDs,
toxicological
implications.
drugs
can
also
be
nano-engineered
delivered
across
perform
specific
functions.
Therefore,
this
chapter
tends
deliberate
current
understanding
recent
findings
on
existing
routes
platforms
using
interventions.
discusses
challenges
nanomedicines
for
NDs
suggests
personalized
solution.
This
potential
investigates
the
unique
and
state-of-the-art
interaction
of
green
nano
systems
with
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs)
for
producing
monitoring
device
implants,
focused
drug
delivery
methods,
surgical
prosthesis,
therapies,
administration,
scaffolds
neurogeneration,
immune
development.
chapter
highlights
ongoing
progress
in
use
nanotechnology
tackling
disorders.
The
to
effectively
securely
transfer
biological
agents
through
blood-brain
barriers
(BBB)
along
early
detection,
neuroprotective
strategies,
gene
therapy,
targeted
theranostics
might
turn
out
be
a
substantial
addition
therapeutic
neuroscience
by
bringing
safety
concerns
at
forefront.
Neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs)
pose
a
significant
and
pressing
societal
challenge
in
the
twenty-first
century,
demanding
immediate
attention.
Innovative
approaches
are
actively
being
explored
quest
for
more
effective
NDDs
therapies.
The
pipeline
of
potential
medicines
offers
hope,
encompassing
disease-modifying
drugs,
symptomatic
treatments,
regenerative
strategies.
In
parallel,
natural
products
derived
from
plants
investigated
their
alleviating
associated
symptoms
but
also
impacting
disease
progression.
green
synthesis
metal
nanoparticles
(MNPs)
through
environmentally
friendly
processes
instigated
researchers
to
apply
them
NDDs.
This
approach
MNPs
combines
best
both
worlds,
nanotechnology
products.
Bio-inspired
fabrication
proves
distinct
advantages
over
traditional
methods,
including
scalability,
low
cost,
waste
reduction.
chapter
gives
an
overview
current
challenges
management,
therapeutic
options,
innovative
strategies
developed,
with
focus
on
nature-based
solutions.
Ischemic
stroke
(IS)
affects
15
million
people
globally
which
leads
to
death
or
disability.
Currently,
Tissue
plasminogen
activator
(tPA)
is
the
only
medication
approved
by
US
Food
and
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
for
treating
IS.
This
treatment
eliminates
brain's
blood
shortage
reperfusion-related
adverse
effects
that
cause
significant
tissue
damage.
Therefore,
novel
approaches
are
urgently
needed
preserve
integrity
of
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
salvageable
brain
tissue.
Nanomedicine
opens
a
new
door
emerging
strategies
can
be
promising
therapeutic
chapter
first
discusses
pathophysiology
different
events
IS,
then
available
interventions
IS
followed
nanocarriers
available.
also
covers
viral
vectors
extracellular
vesicles
Also,
it
focuses
on
intranasal
administration
nanomedicines,
might
cross
BBB
finally
toxicity
related
completely
focused
using
nanomedicines
use
