Nanoscale warriors against viral invaders: a comprehensive review of Nanobodies as potential antiviral therapeutics

mAbs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: April 9, 2025

Viral infections remain a significant global health threat, with emerging and reemerging viruses causing epidemics pandemics. Despite advancements in antiviral therapies, the development of effective treatments is often hindered by challenges, such as viral resistance emergence new strains. In this context, novel therapeutic modalities essential to combat notorious viruses. While traditional monoclonal antibodies are widely used for treatment several diseases, nanobodies derived from heavy chain-only have emerged promising "nanoscale warriors" against infections. Nanobodies possess unique structural properties that enhance their ability recognize diverse epitopes. Their small size also imparts properties, improved bioavailability, solubility, stability, proteolytic resistance, making them an ideal class therapeutics review, we discuss role antivirals various Techniques developing nanobodies, delivery strategies covered, challenges opportunities associated use therapies discussed. We offer insights into future nanobody-based research support managing

Language: Английский

Screening and functional studies of Norrin-related nanobodies

Protein Expression and Purification, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106717 - 106717

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Revolutionizing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment with nanomedicine in the era of immunotherapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor globally. Despite advancements in treatment methods, the overall survival rate remains low due to limitations such as poor targeting bioavailability, which result limited efficacy of traditional drug therapies. Nanomedicine considered be promising strategy therapy, offering potential for maximal anti-tumor effects. Nanocarriers can overcome biological barriers, enhance delivery efficiency targeted sites, minimize damage normal tissues. Currently, various nano-carriers have been developed construct new nanomedicine. This review aims provide an overview current status HNSCC necessity nanomedicine improving outcomes. Moreover, it delves into research progress treatment, with focus on enhancing radiation sensitivity, immunotherapy, effectively delivering chemotherapy drugs, utilizing small molecule inhibitors. Finally, this article discussed challenges prospects applying cancer treatment.

Language: Английский