ACS Environmental Au,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. 12 - 34
Published: Nov. 20, 2024
The
global
transition
to
clean
energy
technologies
has
escalated
the
demand
for
lithium
(Li),
a
critical
component
in
rechargeable
Li-ion
batteries,
highlighting
urgent
need
efficient
and
sustainable
Li+
extraction
methods.
Nanofiltration
(NF)-based
separations
have
emerged
as
promising
solution,
offering
selective
separation
capabilities
that
could
advance
resource
recovery.
However,
an
NF-based
process
differs
significantly
from
conventional
water
treatment,
necessitating
paradigm
shift
membrane
materials
design,
performance
evaluation
metrics,
optimization.
In
this
review,
we
first
explore
state-of-the-art
strategies
NF
modifications.
Machine
learning
was
employed
identify
key
parameters
influencing
efficiency,
enabling
rational
design
of
high-performance
membranes.
We
then
delve
into
evolution
transitioning
traditional
permeance-selectivity
trade-off
more
relevant
focus
on
purity
recovery
balance.
A
system-scale
analysis
considering
specific
consumption,
flux
distribution
uniformity,
is
presented.
review
also
examines
integration
synergistic
combinations
with
emerging
technologies,
such
capacitive
deionization.
Techno-economic
lifecycle
assessments
are
discussed
provide
insights
economic
viability
environmental
sustainability
extraction.
Finally,
highlight
future
research
directions
bridge
gap
between
fundamental
practical
applications,
aiming
accelerate
development
cost-effective
