Breaking the barriers: the role of gut homeostasis in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and the gut microbiome intricately interplay in Metabolic-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty (NAFLD), a growing health concern. The complex progression of MASLD extends beyond liver, driven by "gut-liver axis," where diet, genetics, gut-liver interactions influence disease development. pathophysiology involves excessive liver fat accumulation, hepatocyte dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, with subsequent risk hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). gut, tripartite barrier, mechanical, immune, microbial components, engages constant communication liver. Recent evidence links dysbiosis disrupted barriers to systemic inflammation progression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate immunological crosstalk between recognizing structures triggering immune responses. "multiple hit model" development factors like resistance, dysbiosis, genetics/environmental elements disrupting axis, leading impaired intestinal barrier function increased permeability. Clinical management strategies encompass dietary interventions, physical exercise, pharmacotherapy targeting bile acid (BA) metabolism, modulation approaches through prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). This review underscores microbiome, their impact on therapeutic prospects.

Language: Английский

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Global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated meta-analysis on 78 million population over 38 countries

Archives of Medical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(6), P. 103043 - 103043

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Insulin Clearance in Health and Disease

Annual Review of Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 85(1), P. 363 - 381

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

Insulin action is impaired in type 2 diabetes. The functions of the hormone are an integrated product insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and clearance by receptor-mediated endocytosis degradation, mostly liver (hepatocytes) and, to a lower extent, extrahepatic peripheral tissues. Substantial evidence indicates that genetic or acquired abnormalities predispose In recent years, along with discovery molecular foundation clearance, such as through membrane glycoprotein CEACAM1, consensus has begun emerge reduction contributes disease process. this review, we consider suggesting pathogenic role for reduced resistance, obesity, hepatic steatosis,

Language: Английский

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Does the Mediterranean Diet Have Any Effect on Lipid Profile, Central Obesity and Liver Enzymes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Subjects? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2250 - 2250

Published: May 9, 2023

The effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet (MD) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects has been evaluated several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate overall effects MD intervention a cohort NAFLD patients targeting specific markers such as central obesity, lipid profile, enzymes fibrosis, intrahepatic fat (IHF). Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus were explored collect relevant studies from last 10 years. RCTs with included this mean duration 6 weeks 1 year, different strategies, mainly including energy restriction (normal or low glycaemic index), low-fat increased monounsaturated polyunsaturated acids, exercise expenditure. outcomes measured gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), waist circumference (WC), fibrosis. Ten trials, which involved 737 adults NAFLD, included. According results, seems decrease stiffness (kPa) by –0.42 (CI95% –0.92, 0.09) (p = 0.10) significantly reduce TC –0.46 mg/dl –0.55, −0.38) 0.001), while no significant findings documented for WC among NAFLD. In conclusion, might indirect direct linked severity, TC, WC, although it is important consider variations across trials. Further are necessary corroborate obtained provide further evidence on role modulation other disorders related

Language: Английский

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: relation to juvenile obesity, lipid profile, and hepatic enzymes

Journal of Medicine and Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 42 - 47

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The prevalence of juvenile obesity is increasing, reaching epidemic proportions, presenting a link not only to NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) but abnormal lipid profiles and enzyme abnormalities. Liver ultrasonography sensitive specific tool for the recognition NAFLD. This study aims assess association between determine other related changes in set indicators, including profile abnormalities serum transaminases. sample included 470 obese 210 non-obese individuals aged 6-16. Anthropometric measures were assessed, with transaminases, abdominal was used detect Fatty found 38% subjects none subjects. Within subjects, mean body mass index (BMI) waist circumference increased significantly patients compared those without liver. Moreover, LDL (low-density lipoprotein), CHOL (cholesterol), enzymes higher presence In conclusion, commonly associates obesity, relating (including elevated LDL) among people, reflecting which increase risk cirrhosis.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the role of genetic variations in NAFLD: implications for disease pathogenesis and precision medicine approaches

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes chronic diseases, affecting more than one-quarter people worldwide. Hepatic steatosis can progress to severe forms NAFLD, including NASH and cirrhosis. It also may develop secondary diseases such as diabetes cardiovascular disease. Genetic environmental factors regulate NAFLD incidence progression, making it a complex The contribution various risk factors, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diet, sedentary lifestyle, exacerbation injury highly understood. Nevertheless, underlying mechanisms genetic variations in occurrence or its deterioration still need be clarified. Hence, understanding susceptibility essential for controlling course current review discusses genetics’ role pathological pathways lipid glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, cellular stresses, immune responses. Additionally, explains components induction progression lean individuals. Finally, highlights utility knowledge precision medicine early diagnosis treatment patients.

Language: Английский

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Microbial Dysbiosis Linked to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Asians: Prevotella copri Promotes Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Network Instability in the Prevotella Enterotype

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2183 - 2183

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic (NAFLD), is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation metabolic dysfunction. The rising prevalence of MAFLD, especially among Asians, may be associated with changes in gut microbiota. We investigated microbiota characteristics and potential mechanisms leading to MAFLD development according enterotypes. Case-control studies examining the composition between non-MAFLD participants were searched public databases until July 2023. Gut was categorized into two enterotypes principal component analysis. According enterotypes, LEfSe, ALDEx2, XGBoost, DCiPatho utilized identify differential abundances pathogenic microbes groups. analyzed microbial community networks SprCC module predicted functions. In Prevotella enterotype (ET-P), 98.6% Asians 65.1% Caucasians (

Language: Английский

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Underlying Mechanisms behind the Brain–Gut–Liver Axis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 3694 - 3694

Published: March 26, 2024

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several metabolic dysfunctions caused by dysregulation in the brain–gut–liver axis and, consequently, increases cardiovascular risks and dysfunction. In MAFLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, syndrome are frequently present; these conditions related to lipogenesis systemic inflammation. This study aimed review connection between MAFLD. The inflammatory process, cellular alterations hepatocytes stellate cells, hypercaloric diet, sedentarism aggravate prognosis of patients with Thus, understand modulation physiopathology it is necessary include organokines involved this process (adipokines, myokines, osteokines, hepatokines) their clinical relevance project future perspectives condition bring light new possibilities therapeutic approaches. Adipokines responsible for activation distinct signaling different tissues, such as insulin pro-inflammatory cytokines, which important balancing substances avoid MAFLD its progression. Myokines improve quantity quality adipose contributing avoiding development Finally, hepatokines decisive improving or not progression through regulation anti-inflammatory organokines.

Language: Английский

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Lipidomic Analysis of Liver and Adipose Tissue in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice Model Reveals Alterations in Lipid Metabolism by Weight Loss and Aerobic Exercise

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1494 - 1494

Published: March 27, 2024

Detailed investigation of the lipidome remodeling upon normal weight conditions, obesity, or loss, as well influence physical activity, can help to understand mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia in metabolic conditions correlated emergence and progression non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). C57BL/6 male mice were fed a diet (ND) high-fat (HFD) for 20 weeks. Subgroups within group underwent different interventions: some engaged exercise (HFDex), others subjected loss (WL) by changing from HFD ND, combination (WLex) during final 8 weeks 20-week feeding period. To support our understanding, not only tissue-specific lipid but also cross-talk between tissues their impact on systemic regulation metabolism are essential. Exercise loss-induced specific adaptations visceral adipose tissue lipidomes explored UPLC–TOF–MS/MS untargeted lipidomics methodology. Lipidomic signatures ND HFD-fed undergoing compared with animals without exercise. Several classes identified contributing factors discrimination groups multivariate analysis models, such glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, acids, respect samples, whereas triglycerides class tissue. Lipids found be dysregulated related well-established pathways involved biosynthesis PC, PE, TG metabolism. These show reversing trend back basic levels when change after 12 weeks, exercise, though cases it slightly enhances trend, is clear.

Language: Английский

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Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(1), P. 83 - 83

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abdominal obesity. Impaired insulin action or resistance initiates syndrome. The prevalence of increasing all over the world. Insulin results in defective metabolism carbohydrates lipids, addition to low-grade chronic inflammation. associated with syndrome, which risk factor for number pathological conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), polycystic ovarian (PCOS). Genome-wide association studies have increased our understanding many loci linked these diseases others. In this review, we discuss its contribution diseases. We also genetic them. Genetic testing invaluable identification stratification susceptible populations and/or individuals. After individuals been identified via screening, lifestyle modifications regular exercise, weight loss, healthy diet, smoking cessation can reduce prevent pathologies.

Language: Английский

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