COVID-19, immunothrombosis and venous thromboembolism: biological mechanisms

Thorax, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(4), P. 412 - 420

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Thrombotic events that frequently occur in COVID-19 are predominantly venous thromboemboli (VTE) and associated with increasing disease severity worse clinical outcomes. Distinctive microvascular abnormalities include endothelial inflammation, disruption of intercellular junctions microthrombi formation. A distinct COVID-19-associated coagulopathy along increased cytokines activation platelets, endothelium complement COVID-19, which is more frequent worsening severity. This proinflammatory milieu may result immunothrombosis, a host defence mechanism can become dysregulated, leading to excess formation immunologically mediated thrombi affect the microvasculature. The haemostatic immune systems intricately linked, multifactorial processes likely contribute VTE immunothrombosis COVID-19. state-of-the-art review will explore pathobiological mechanisms focusing on: coagulopathy, pathology, dysfunction haemostasis, system thrombosis, genetic associations additional thrombotic mechanisms. An understanding complex interplay between these necessary for developing assessing how new treatments

Language: Английский

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The pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis: What goes wrong?

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 104799 - 104799

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 acute sarcopenia: physiopathology and management

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(10), P. 2887 - 2898

Published: July 30, 2021

Abstract In this review, we discuss the pathophysiologic and management aspects of acute sarcopenia in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 is as a multi-organ infectious disease characterized by severe inflammatory highly catabolic status, influencing deep changes body build, especially amount, structure, function skeletal muscles which would amount acutely developed sarcopenia. Acute may largely impact patients’ in-hospital prognosis well vulnerability post-COVID-19 functional physical deterioration. The individual outcome degree muscle mass loss be influenced multiple factors, including patient’s general pre-infection medical condition, older adults. This paper gathers information about how hyper-inflammatory involvement exacerbates immunosenescence process, enhances endothelial damage, due mitochondrial dysfunction autophagy, induces myofibrillar breakdown degradation. aftermath these complex immunological SARS-CoV-2-related phenomena, augmented anosmia, ageusia altered microbiota lead decreased food intake exacerbated catabolism. Moreover, imposed inactivity, lock-down, quarantine or hospitalization with bedrest intensify process. All deleterious mechanisms must swiftly put check multidisciplinary approach nutritional support, early cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation, psychological support cognitive training. proposed holistic patients appears essential minimize disastrous outcomes allow avoiding long syndrome.

Language: Английский

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Redox imbalance links COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(34)

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Although most patients recover from acute COVID-19, some experience postacute sequelae of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC). One subgroup PASC is a called "long COVID-19," reminiscent myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). ME/CFS debilitating condition, often triggered by viral and bacterial infections, leading to years-long symptoms including profound fatigue, postexertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, cognitive deficits, orthostatic intolerance. Some are skeptical that either or long COVID-19 involves underlying biological abnormalities. However, in this review, we summarize the evidence people with have abnormalities redox imbalance, systemic inflammation neuroinflammation, an impaired ability generate adenosine triphosphate, general hypometabolic state. These phenomena not yet been well studied each them has reported other diseases as well, particularly neurological diseases. We also examine bidirectional relationship between inflammation, energy metabolic speculate what may be causing these Thus, understanding molecular underpinnings both lead development novel therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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The interplay between inflammatory pathways and COVID-19: A critical review on pathogenesis and therapeutic options

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 104673 - 104673

Published: Dec. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: March 7, 2022

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the largest microbial community within body consisting of trillions microbes called gut microbiota. normal flora site many physiological functions such as enhancing host immunity, participating in nutrient absorption and protecting against pathogenic microorganisms. Numerous investigations showed a bidirectional interplay between microbiota organs intestines, lungs, brain, skin. Large evidence demonstrated, more than decade ago, that alteration key factor pathogenesis local systemic disorders. In this regard, deep understanding mechanisms involved symbiosis/dysbiosis crucial for clinical health field. We review most recent studies on involvement diseases. also elaborate different strategies used to manipulate prevention treatment future medicine strongly related quality our Targeting dysbiosis will be huge challenge.

Language: Английский

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Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 742 - 742

Published: Aug. 13, 2020

Among the many approaches to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention, possible role of nutrition has so far been rather underestimated. Foods are very rich in substances, with a potential beneficial effect on health, and some these could have an antiviral action or be important modulating immune system defending cells from oxidative stress associated infection. This short review draws attention components citrus fruits, especially orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin flavonoid content. flavonoids, hesperidin recently attracted researchers, because it binds key proteins Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several computational methods, independently applied by different showed that low binding energy, both “spike” protein, main protease transforms early virus (pp1a ppa1b) into complex responsible viral replication. The energy is lower than lopinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, suggesting perform effective action. Furthermore, ascorbic acid counteract cell damaging effects oxygen free radicals triggered infection inflammation. There discussion about preventive efficacy C, at dose achievable diet, but recent reviews suggest this substance can useful case strong burden caused disease. Computational methods laboratory studies support need undertake apposite preclinical, epidemiological, experimental benefits fruit prevention infectious diseases, including COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Alzheimer's‐like signaling in brains of COVID‐19 patients

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 955 - 965

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

The mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment associated with COVID-19 are not well understood.Brain lysates from control and patients were analyzed for oxidative stress inflammatory signaling pathway markers, measurements of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked biochemistry. Post-translational modifications the ryanodine receptor/calcium (Ca2+ ) release channels (RyR) on endoplasmic reticuli (ER), known be linked AD, also measured by co-immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting brain lysates.We provide evidence linking SARS-CoV-2 infection activation TGF-β overload. neuropathological pathways causing tau hyperphosphorylation typically AD shown activated in patients. RyR2 brains demonstrated a "leaky" phenotype, which can promote behavioral defects.COVID-19 neuropathology includes AD-like features leaky could therapeutic target amelioration some defects long COVID.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of post COVID-19 condition and its overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 40, P. 179 - 196

Published: Nov. 26, 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) triggers the development of numerous pathologies and infection-linked complications exacerbates existing in nearly all body systems. Aside from primarily targeted organs, adverse SARS-CoV-2 effects were observed nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal/metabolic, immune, other systems COVID-19 survivors. Long-term this viral infection have been recently represent distressing sequelae recognised by World Health Organisation (WHO) as a distinct clinical entity defined post-COVID-19 condition. Considering pandemic is still ongoing, more time required to confirm post condition diagnosis infected cohorts, although many reported symptoms overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). In study, presentation associated post-infection (post-COVID-19 condition) reviewed compared ME/CFS symptomatology. onset, progression, symptom profile patients considerable ME/CFS. large scope range pro-inflammatory virus, it reasonable expect proportion affected population. There are reports later debilitating onset three months (often described long-COVID-19), marked presence fatigue, headache, cognitive dysfunction, post-exertional malaise, orthostatic intolerance, dyspnoea. Acute inflammation, oxidative stress, increased levels interleukin-6 (IL-6) tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), patients. Longitudinal monitoring warranted understand long-term pathomechanism

Language: Английский

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis and Muscle Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 755 - 755

Published: April 11, 2022

The contractile activity, high oxygen consumption and metabolic rate of skeletal muscle cause it to continuously produce moderate levels oxidant species, such as reactive species (ROS) nitrogen (RNS). Under normal physiological conditions, there is a dynamic balance between the production elimination ROS/RNS. However, when oxidation products exceed antioxidant defense capacity, body enters state oxidative stress. Myogenesis an important process maintain homeostasis function muscle. Accumulating evidence suggests that stress plays key role in myogenesis physiology pathology. In this review, we summarize sources causes analyze myogenesis. Then, discuss relationship physiopathology. This work systematically summarizes diseases provides targets for subsequent therapy repair inflammatory damage noninflammatory diseases.

Language: Английский

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