Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21), is a complex condition associated with neurodevelopmental impairments and accelerated brain aging, often culminating in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Central to this aging mitochondrial imbalance, characterized disrupted energy metabolism, increased oxidative stress, impaired dynamics, defective quality control mechanisms like mitophagy. These abnormalities exacerbate neuronal vulnerability, driving cognitive decline neurodegeneration. This review examines the genetic biochemical underpinnings dysfunction DS, focus on role HSA21-encoded genes. We also highlight how dysfunction, amplified stress HSA21 gene dosage effects, converges cellular senescence neuroinflammation accelerate Alzheimer-like pathology DS. Finally, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting pathways, which hold promise for mitigating neurodegenerative phenotypes improving outcomes
Language: Английский