RNA Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 30, 2025
Viroids,
small
circular
non-coding
RNAs,
act
as
infectious
pathogens
in
higher
plants,
demonstrating
high
stability
despite
consisting
solely
of
naked
RNA.
Their
dependence
replication
on
host
machinery
poses
the
question
whether
RNA
modifications
play
a
role
viroid
biology.
Here,
we
explore
avocado
sunblotch
(ASBVd)
and
citrus
exocortis
(CEVd),
representative
members
viroids
replicating
chloroplasts
nucleus,
respectively,
using
LC
–
MS
Oxford
Nanopore
Technology
(ONT)
direct
sequencing.
Although
no
modification
was
detected
ASBVd,
CEVd
contained
approximately
one
m6A
per
molecule.
ONT
sequencing
predicted
three
positions.
Employing
orthogonal
SELECT
method,
confirmed
two
positions
A353
A360,
which
are
highly
conserved
among
variants.
These
located
left
terminal
region
rod-like
structure
where
likely
Pol
II
TFIIIA-7ZF
bind,
thus
suggesting
potential
biological
methylation
replication.
Molecular Cell,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
83(22), P. 3953 - 3971
Published: Oct. 5, 2023
tRNA
function
is
based
on
unique
structures
that
enable
mRNA
decoding
using
anticodon
trinucleotides.
These
interact
with
specific
aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetases
and
ribosomes
3D
shape
sequence
signatures.
Beyond
translation,
tRNAs
serve
as
versatile
signaling
molecules
interacting
other
RNAs
proteins.
Through
evolutionary
processes,
fragmentation
emerges
not
merely
random
degradation
but
an
act
of
recreation,
generating
shorter
called
tRNA-derived
small
(tsRNAs).
tsRNAs
exploit
their
linear
sequences
newly
arranged
for
unexpected
biological
functions,
epitomizing
the
"renovatio"
(from
Latin,
meaning
renewal,
renovation,
rebirth).
Emerging
methods
to
uncover
full
tRNA/tsRNA
modifications,
combined
techniques
study
RNA
integrate
AI-powered
predictions,
will
comprehensive
investigations
products
new
interaction
potentials
in
relation
functions.
We
anticipate
these
directions
herald
a
era
understanding
complexity
advancing
pharmaceutical
engineering.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: July 8, 2024
Abstract
Cellular
senescence
is
characterized
by
a
decrease
in
protein
synthesis,
although
the
underlying
processes
are
mostly
unclear.
Chemical
modifications
to
transfer
RNAs
(tRNAs)
frequently
influence
tRNA
activity,
which
crucial
for
translation.
We
describe
how
N7-methylguanosine
(m7G46)
methylation,
catalyzed
METTL1-WDR4,
regulates
translation
and
influences
phenotypes.
Mettl1/Wdr4
m7G
gradually
diminish
with
aging.
A
METTL1
causes
reduction
tRNAs,
especially
those
modification,
via
rapid
degradation
(RTD)
pathway.
The
decreases
cause
ribosomes
stall
at
certain
codons,
impeding
of
mRNA
that
essential
pathways
such
as
Wnt
signaling
ribosome
biogenesis.
Furthermore,
chronic
stalling
stimulates
ribotoxic
integrative
stress
responses,
induce
senescence-associated
secretory
phenotype.
Moreover,
restoring
eEF1A
mitigates
phenotypes
caused
deficiency
reducing
RTD.
Our
findings
demonstrate
modification
preventing
premature
aging
enabling
efficient
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Sept. 16, 2024
The
ribosome
utilizes
hydrogen
bonding
between
mRNA
codons
and
aminoacyl-tRNAs
to
ensure
rapid
accurate
protein
production.
Chemical
modification
of
nucleobases
can
adjust
the
strength
pattern
this
alter
synthesis.
We
investigate
how
N1-methylpseudouridine
(m
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Aug. 22, 2022
The
role
of
tRNAs
is
best
known
as
adapter
components
translational
machinery.
According
to
the
central
dogma
molecular
biology,
DNA
transcribed
RNA
and
in
turn
translated
into
proteins,
which
tRNA
outstands
by
its
cellular
courier.
Recent
studies
have
led
revision
canonical
function
transfer
RNAs
(tRNAs),
indicates
that
also
serve
a
source
for
short
non-coding
called
tRNA-derived
small
(tsRNAs).
tsRNAs
play
key
roles
processes
modulating
complicated
regulatory
networks
beyond
translation
are
widely
involved
multiple
diseases.
Herein,
biogenesis
classification
were
firstly
clarified.
generated
from
pre-tRNAs
or
mature
classified
fragments
(tRFs)
halves
(tiRNA).
tRFs
include
five
types
according
incision
loci:
tRF-1,
tRF-2,
tRF-3,
tRF-5
i-tRF
contain
3′
tiRNA
5′
tiRNA.
functions
their
regulation
mechanisms
disease
systematically
summarized
well.
can
elaborate
on
specific
tsRNAs.
In
conclusion,
current
research
suggests
promising
targets
pathological
processes,
such
breast
cancer,
ischemic
stroke,
respiratory
syncytial
virus,
osteoporosis
so
on,
maintain
vital
clinical
implications
diagnosis
therapeutics
various
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(6), P. 5889 - 5889
Published: March 20, 2023
There
is
mounting
evidence
that
ancestral
life
experiences
and
environment
can
influence
phenotypes
in
descendants.
The
parental
regulates
offspring
potentially
via
modulating
epigenetic
marks
the
gametes.
Here,
we
review
examples
of
across-generational
inheritance
paternal
environmental
effects
current
understanding
role
small
RNAs
such
inheritance.
We
discuss
recent
advances
revealing
RNA
payload
sperm
how
conditions
modulate
RNAs.
Further,
potential
mechanism
by
focusing
on
RNA-mediated
regulation
early
embryonic
gene
expression
its
influencing
phenotypes.
