AlphaFold-guided redesign of a plant pectin methylesterase inhibitor for broad-spectrum disease resistance

Molecular Plant, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 1344 - 1368

Published: July 18, 2024

Plant cell walls are a critical site where plants and pathogens continuously struggle for physiological dominance. Here we show that dynamic remodeling of pectin methylesterification plant is component the co-evolutionary struggles between hosts pathogens. A methylesterase (PsPME1) secreted by Phytophthora sojae decreases degree methylesterification, thus synergizing with an endo-polygalacturonase (PsPG1) to weaken walls. To counter PsPME1-mediated susceptibility, plant-derived inhibitor protein, GmPMI1, protects maintain high status. GmPMI1 from enzymatic degradation inhibiting both soybean P. methylesterases during infection. However, constitutive expression disrupted trade-off host growth defense responses. We therefore used AlphaFold structure tools design modified form (GmPMI1R) specifically targets inhibits but not plants. Transient GmPMI1R enhanced resistance oomycete fungal In summary, our work highlights biochemical modification wall as important focal point in conflict microbes, providing proof concept AI-driven structure-based can accelerate development new strategies protection.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing macroalgal cell walls to trigger immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100783 - 100783

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Cell wall bricks of defence: the case study of oligogalacturonides

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 25, 2025

The plant cell wall (CW) is more than a structural barrier; it serves as the first line of defence against pathogens and environmental stresses. During pathogen attacks or physical damage, fragments CW, known CW-derived Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (CW-DAMPs), are released. These molecular signals play critical role in activating plant’s immune responses. Among CW-DAMPs, oligogalacturonides (OGs), derived from breakdown pectin, some most well-studied. This review highlights recent advances understanding functional signalling roles OGs, beginning with their formation through enzymatic CW degradation during invasion mechanical injury. We discuss how OGs perception triggers intracellular pathways that enhance regulate interactions microbes. Given excessive OG levels can negatively impact growth development, we also examine regulatory mechanisms plants use to fine-tune responses, avoiding overactivation hyper- immunity. As natural modulators, (and generally CW-DAMPs), offer promising, sustainable alternative chemical pesticides by enhancing crop resilience without harming environment. By strengthening defences supporting eco-friendly agricultural practices, hold great potential for advancing resilient farming systems.

Language: Английский

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Plant cell walls: source of carbohydrate-based signals in plant-pathogen interactions

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 102630 - 102630

Published: Sept. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Phytoalexin gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana – On the verge of a paradigm shift?

Current Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 100367 - 100367

Published: June 30, 2024

Phytoalexins are plant-specialized metabolites that biosynthesized de novo in response to pathogens. Their biosynthesis is highly diverse, with different plant lineages biosynthesizing unique molecules. A common notion individual species produce one type of phytoalexin molecule. Arabidopsis well known an indole alkaloid phytoalexin, named camalexin, as important component its defense against microbial However, studies collectively demonstrate produces a diverse array molecules from branches primary and specialized metabolism. The signaling proteins stimulate synthesis conserved plants, yet each transcription factor they converge upon has been reported regulate the specific class metabolite. We have conducted this review because recent demonstrated homologs factors dissimilar biosynthetic pathways other species. These findings challenge paradigm role regulating Here, we Arabidopsis, them, discoveries on their regulatory mechanisms. discuss crop suggest WRKY33, ERF1, ANAC042, MYB15, MYB72, protein JAZ1, part 'core' network conserved, regulates distinct lineages. Finally, highlight questions raised by that, once solved, will provide major advances our understanding evolution biochemical defenses plants. Recent evidence demonstrates these can be manipulated enhance production pathogen resistance

Language: Английский

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Study on the Damage and Variation of Agropyron mongolicum Induced by the Combined Action of Discharge Plasma and Plasma-Activated Water

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 109486 - 109486

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microscopy and spatial-metabolomics identify tissue-specific metabolic pathways uncovering salinity and drought tolerance mechanisms in Avicennia marina and Phoenix dactylifera roots

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

In arid and semi-arid climates, native plants have developed unique strategies to survive challenging conditions. These adaptations often rely on molecular pathways that shape plant architecture enhance their resilience. Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) mangroves (Avicennia marina) endure extreme heat high salinity, yet the metabolic underlying this resilience remain underexplored. Here, we integrate tissue imaging with spatial metabolomics uncover shared distinct adaptive features in these species. We found mangrove roots accumulate suberin lignin meristematic tissues, is unlike other species, where only differentiation zones contain compounds. Our metabolomic analysis shows date palm are enriched metabolites involved amino acid biosynthesis, whereas compounds production were more abundant roots. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MSI) revealed tissue- species-specific metabolite distributions root tissues. identified common osmoprotectants accumulating exodermis/epidermis of meristems, along a highly inner cortex findings provide valuable insights into stress adaptation highlight key types response.

Language: Английский

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Barley leaf cell-wall responses to the penetration by adapted and nonadapted powdery mildew fungi revealed with the thermal-source based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and focal plane array

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 14

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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High-Throughput Glycan Array Screening Reveals Rhamnogalacturonan-I as a Ligand for Arabidopsis Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Kinases

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Abstract The plant cell wall not only serves as a physical barrier against pathogens but, when damaged, also functions source of wall-derived molecules that play crucial roles in immunity damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). While oligogalacturonides from homogalacturonan are well-studied DAMPs, the immune-signaling potential other components remains largely unexplored. Conventional genetic and biochemical approaches aimed at identifying ligand-receptor pairs have been limited by vast diversity ligand functional redundancy putative receptors. Here, we developed high-throughput screening pipeline simultaneously examines multiple interactions between glycans >350 extracellular domains (ECDs) receptor kinases like proteins Arabidopsis, resulting >40,000 interactions. We discovered group leucine-rich repeat named ARMs (AWARENESS RG-I MAINTENANCES) interact with rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), major component pectin. treatment induced pattern-triggered responses, distinct kinetics compared to oligogalacturonide responses. identified oligosaccharide structures required for interaction ARM receptors immune activation, found redundantly involved immunity. Thus, our approach provides powerful platform discovering glycan-receptor plants.

Language: Английский

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Enzymes that catalyze cyclization of β-1,2-glucans

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 109(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract β-1,2-Glucans are physiologically important polymers for interactions such as symbiosis and pathogenesis between organisms adaptation to environmental changes. However, rarity of β-1,2-glucans in nature limits exploration related enzymes. Recently, many β-1,2-glucan-degrading enzymes have been found after identification a novel phosphorylase acting on β-1,2-glucooligosaccharides. The expansion the repertoire has reached revelation cyclization mechanism cyclic β-1,2-glucan synthase led finding new catalyzing manner different from synthase. In this review, we mainly focus newly that catalyze along with existence β-1,2-glucan-associated carbohydrates introduction Key points • Newly domain which cyclizes created glycoside hydrolase family. Cyclization is performed unique mechanism. α-1,6-Cyclized produced by an enzyme another

Language: Английский

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