Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 27, 2025
ABSTRACT Cranial bone defects from trauma, congenital conditions, or surgery are challenging to treat due the skull's limited regeneration. Traditional methods like autografts and allografts have drawbacks, including donor site issues poor integration. 3D‐printed scaffolds provide a patient‐specific alternative, improving regeneration This review evaluates advancements in for cranial regeneration, focusing on fabrication techniques, material innovations, structural optimization while assessing their preclinical clinical potential. A systematic literature search (2014–2024) was conducted using PubMed other databases. Studies addressing scaffold properties such as porosity, pore interconnectivity, mechanical stability were included, non‐cranial studies excluded. Advances 3D printing enabled with optimized architecture enhance support, nutrient transport. Bioceramics, polymers, composites mimic native properties, bioactive coatings further improve osteogenesis. However, translation insufficient customization remain challenges. Further trials crucial overcoming barriers fabrication, bridging gap between research applications.
Language: Английский