SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in People Living with HIV DOI Creative Commons
Simona Ruță, Corneliu Petru Popescu, Lilia Matei

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 663 - 663

Published: June 16, 2024

Immunosuppressed individuals, such as people living with HIV (PLWH), remain vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We analyzed the persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in a retrospective, cross-sectional study PLWH on antiretroviral therapy. Among 104 participants, 70.2% had anti-S IgG antibodies, 55.8% significant neutralizing activity against Omicron variant surrogate virus neutralization test. Only 38.5% were vaccinated (8.76 ± 4.1 months prior), all displaying IgG, 75% antibodies IgA. Overall, 29.8% no serologic markers; they displayed significantly lower CD4 counts higher viral load. Severe immunosuppression (present 12.5% participants) was linked levels detectable (p = 0.0003), IgA < 0.0001) lack 0.0001). T-cell present 86.7% tested even those lacking serological markers. In without immunosuppression, persisted for up 9 post-infection or vaccination. Advanced led diminished but retained immunity.

Language: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 mRNA booster vaccination elicits limited mucosal immunity DOI
Ninaad Lasrado, Marjorie Rowe, Katherine McMahan

et al.

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(770)

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Current COVID-19 vaccines provide robust protection against severe disease but minimal acquisition of infection. Intramuscularly administered induce serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), their ability to boost mucosal immune responses remains be determined. In this study, we show that the XBB.1.5 messenger RNA (mRNA) boosters result in increased neutralization multiple acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants humans, including dominant circulating variant JN.1. contrast, found mRNA booster did not augment NAbs or IgA responses, although SARS-CoV-2 XBB infection substantially antibody responses. These data demonstrate current enhance peripheral do robustly increase Our highlight a separation between and systems humans emphasize importance developing next-generation immunity protect virus infections.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Unconventionally primed type 1 follicular helper T cells are required for long-lived IgA plasma cell development following mucosal viral infection DOI Creative Commons
Kei Haniuda, Natalie M. Edner, Yuko Makita

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Abstract Although IgA + long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) generated following mucosal viral infection provide durable protection against reinfection, little is known about their generation. Here, we show that oral RV induces gut-resident LLPCs produce highly mutated protective IgA. Unlike RV-specific IgG LLPCs, were independently of MHCII expression by dendritic – rather B was both necessary and sufficient. cell also sufficient to induce a unique population T-bet follicular helper T (T FH 1) which crucial for LLPC accumulation in the gut via IFNγ- CXCR3-dependent mechanisms. Similar infection, 1 required influenza-specific response. However, unlike not suggesting operation site-specific priming Collectively, our data reveal unconventionally primed support responses infections.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce robust levels of IgG but limited amounts of IgA within the oronasopharynx of young children DOI Creative Commons
Ying Tang, Brittany P. Boribong, Zoe Swank

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2024

Understanding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for refining COVID-19 immunization strategies. Generation of mucosal immune responses, including IgA, could be potential benefit vaccine efficacy, yet limited evidence exists regarding the production antibodies following administration current mRNA vaccines young children.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Declining Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Are Enhanced by Hybrid Immunity and Original/Omicron Bivalent Vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Sharon Walmsley, Majid Nabipoor, Freda Qi

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 564 - 564

Published: May 22, 2024

We determined neutralizing antibody levels to the ancestral Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain and three Omicron variants, namely BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5, in a heavily vaccinated cohort of 178 adults 15–19 months after initial vaccine series prospectively 4 months. Although all participants had detectable antibodies Wuhan, proportion with variants was decreased, were lower. Individuals hybrid immunity at baseline visit those receiving Original/Omicron bivalent between two sampling times demonstrated increased strains. Both higher titer BA.5 associated protection against breakthrough infection during 4-month period follow up wave. Neither from 10 up. Receipt an BA.4/5 both This work demonstrates escape emerging supports use additional doses components that match circulating variants. A threshold value for reinfection cannot be determined.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
A single immunization with intranasal Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based XBB.1.5 variant vaccine reduces disease and transmission in animals against matched-variant challenge DOI
Stefan Slamanig,

Nicholas Lemus,

Tsoi Ying Lai

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 126586 - 126586

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce robust levels of IgG but limited amounts of IgA within the oronasopharynx of young children DOI
Ying Tang, Brittany P. Boribong, Zoe Swank

et al.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Abstract Background Understanding antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for refining COVID-19 immunization strategies. Generation of mucosal immune responses, including IgA, could be potential benefit vaccine efficacy; however, limited evidence exists regarding the production antibodies following administration current mRNA vaccines young children. Methods We measured levels against from a cohort children under 5 years age (n = 24) undergoing (serially collected, matched serum and saliva samples) or in convenience sample presenting pediatric emergency department (nasal swabs, n 103). Furthermore, we assessed salivary nasal samples ability induce spike-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. Results Longitudinal analysis post-vaccine revealed induction SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG but not IgA. Similarly, IgA was only observed obtained previously infected with without vaccination, vaccinated history infection. In addition, oronasopharyngeal prior infection were able trigger enhanced NET formation, played key role driving this process. Conclusions Despite specific oronasal mucosa, intramuscular have generate These results confirm independence systemic humoral suggest future strategies enhancing protection group.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Machine learning-enhanced immunopeptidomics applied to T-cell epitope discovery for COVID-19 vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Kevin A. Kovalchik, David Hamelin, Peter Kubiniok

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

Next-generation T-cell-directed vaccines for COVID-19 focus on establishing lasting T-cell immunity against current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Precise identification of conserved epitopes is critical designing effective vaccines. Here we introduce a comprehensive computational framework incorporating machine learning algorithm—MHCvalidator—to enhance mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics sensitivity. MHCvalidator identifies unique presented by the B7 supertype, including an epitope from + 1-frameshift in truncated Spike antigen, supported ribosome profiling. Analysis 100,512 patient proteomes shows antigen truncation 0.85% cases, revealing frameshifted viral antigens at population level. Our EpiTrack pipeline tracks global mutations MHCvalidator-identified CD8 BNT162b4 vaccine. While most vaccine remain globally conserved, immunodominant A*01-associated mutates Delta Omicron This work highlights antigenic features emphasizes importance continuous adaptation development. The T cell step understanding immune response to infection based approaches. authors frame discovery called Epitrack identify new characterise novel non-canonical variant mutation

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Differential Adaptive Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children Compared to Adults DOI Creative Commons
Sabryna Nantel, Corey Arnold, Maala Bhatt

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 6, 2024

ABSTRACT Background SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits distinct clinical features in children and adults. Profiling the adaptive immune response following is essential to better understand characterize these differences. Methods Humoral cell-mediated responses from unvaccinated pediatric adult participants were analyzed asymptomatic or mild non-Omicron infection. Levels of IgG IgA targeting spike (S), receptor-binding domain (RBD), nucleocapsid (N) proteins measured, while neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers assessed against three viral strains (Wuhan, Omicron BA.1 BA.4/BA.5). Specific T-cell memory investigated by quantifying interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secreting cells after stimulation with ancestral variant SARS-CoV-2, seasonal human β- coronaviruses (HCoV)-OC43 -HKU1. Results The study comprised 28 (3 17 [median=10] years old) adults (19 62 [median=42]). At a mean time seven months (± 2.8 months) infection, mounted comparable levels S RBD, as well similar neutralization capacity. However, displayed weaker cellular SARS- CoV-2 than adults, median 88 [28-184] spot forming units per million PBMCs compared 208 [141-340] (***, P < .001). In children, level IFN-γ corresponds that coronaviruses. Conclusion Long-term are enhanced who demonstrate equivalent other HCoV. HIGHLIGHTS Children infected show binding There notable differences intensity SARS-CoV- 2 between have more pronounced immunodominance towards versus non- at post-infection contrast, globally reduced but alike β-coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in People Living with HIV DOI Creative Commons
Simona Ruță, Corneliu Petru Popescu, Lilia Matei

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 663 - 663

Published: June 16, 2024

Immunosuppressed individuals, such as people living with HIV (PLWH), remain vulnerable to severe COVID-19. We analyzed the persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in a retrospective, cross-sectional study PLWH on antiretroviral therapy. Among 104 participants, 70.2% had anti-S IgG antibodies, 55.8% significant neutralizing activity against Omicron variant surrogate virus neutralization test. Only 38.5% were vaccinated (8.76 ± 4.1 months prior), all displaying IgG, 75% antibodies IgA. Overall, 29.8% no serologic markers; they displayed significantly lower CD4 counts higher viral load. Severe immunosuppression (present 12.5% participants) was linked levels detectable (p = 0.0003), IgA < 0.0001) lack 0.0001). T-cell present 86.7% tested even those lacking serological markers. In without immunosuppression, persisted for up 9 post-infection or vaccination. Advanced led diminished but retained immunity.

Language: Английский

Citations

0