Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 7, 2025
ABSTRACT Fermented vegetables, such as fermented cabbage (sauerkraut), have garnered growing interest for their associations with a myriad of health benefits. However, the mechanistic details underlying outcomes consuming these foods require further investigation. This study examined capacity soluble metabolites in laboratory-scale and commercial-fermented to protect against disruption polarized Caco-2 monolayers by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Laboratory-scale ferments (LSF) were prepared without addition Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB8826R (LP8826R) sampled after 7 14 days incubation. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER) paracellular permeability fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran revealed that cabbage, but not raw or brine, protected cytokine-induced damage monolayers. Barrier-protective effects occurred despite increased IL-8 production following cytokine exposure. Metabolomic analyses performed using gas liquid chromatography resulted identification 149 333 metabolites, respectively. Significant differences found between cabbage. LSF metabolomes changed over time, profiles LP8826R best resembled commercial product. Overall, fermentation lower carbohydrate lactic acid, lipid, amino acid derivative (including D-phenyl-lactate [D-PLA], indole-3-lactate [ILA], γ-aminobutyric [GABA]), phenolic compound concentrations. Lactate, D-PLA, ILA tested individually combined only partially TER reductions increases The findings show intestinal barrier-protective compounds are consistently enriched during fermentations, irrespective scale microbial additions, which may contribute health-promoting potential foods. IMPORTANCE vegetables increasingly associated importance transformations process remains be determined. We spontaneously epithelial cells induced proinflammatory cytokines. Cabbage fermentations consistent metabolome bioactive known made beneficial members human gut microbiome, including (D-PLA) (ILA). distinct from differentiated lab ferments, sampling presence an exogenous strain. Because partial protection barrier was when individual (D-PLA, ILA, lactate) applied, indicate complex mixture offers advantages single benefit health.
Language: Английский