A Review of the Currently Available Antibody Therapy for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Antibodies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 5 - 5

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Monoclonal antibodies are a promising treatment for COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raised concerns about these therapies’ efficacy and long-term viability. Studies reported several antibodies, that received authorization COVID-19 treatment, not effective against new or subvariants SARS-CoV-2, hence their distribution has to be paused. Here, authors reviewed status currently available monoclonal potential as therapeutic agent, challenges ahead. To address issues, presented general information on how work SARS-CoV-2. The then focus have been deployed current status, well evidence supporting an early intervention Lastly, discussed some leading obstacles hinder development administration

Language: Английский

---

Plant Viruses as Adjuvants for Next-Generation Vaccines and Immunotherapy

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1372 - 1372

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Vaccines are the cornerstone of infectious disease control and prevention. The outbreak SARS-CoV-2 has confirmed urgent need for a new approach to design novel vaccines. Plant viruses their derivatives being used increasingly development medical biotechnological applications, this is reflected in number preclinical clinical studies. have unique combination features (biosafety, low reactogenicity, inexpensiveness ease production, etc.), which determine potential. This review presents latest data on use plant with different types symmetry as vaccine components adjuvants cancer immunotherapy. discussion concludes that most promising approaches might be those structurally modified (spherical particles) obtained from Tobacco mosaic virus. These particles combine high adsorption properties (as carrier) strong immunogenicity, been using various antigens animal models. According current research, it evident great potential application vaccines

Language: Английский

---

Functionalization of rod-shaped plant viruses for biomedical applications

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Biological nanoparticles, particularly rod-shaped plant viruses, have emerged as promising candidates for various biomedical applications. This review focuses on the morphological characteristics and modification strategies of viruses such tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X, papaya virus. These offer versatile approaches, including chemical, genetic, bio-modifications, well aspect ratio regulation. Their applications in drug delivery, antibacterial treatments, RNA bioimaging, immune modulation are extensively discussed. Rod-shaped exhibit unique advantages, uniformity size molecular weight, excellent biocompatibility, diverse modifiability inherent immunogenicity, making them highly suitable However, challenges remain their clinical translation. aims to provide insights into potential biological nanoparticles stimulate further research field virus-based biomaterials, which may lead innovative solutions immune-related therapies vaccine development.

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 S Glycoprotein Stabilization Strategies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 558 - 558

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has again shown that structural biology plays an important role in understanding biological mechanisms and exploiting data for therapeutic interventions. Notably, previous work on SARS-related glycoproteins paved the way rapid determination of S glycoprotein, which is main target neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, all vaccine approaches aimed to employ as immunogen induce Like enveloped virus glycoproteins, native prefusion trimers are a metastable conformation, primes glycoprotein entry process via membrane fusion. S-mediated associated with major conformational changes S, can expose many off-target epitopes deviate vaccination from aim inducing antibodies, mainly trimer conformation. Here, we review viral stabilization methods developed prior SARS-CoV-2, applied order stabilize importance structure-based highlighted by benefits employing stabilized versus non-stabilized vaccines respect their protective efficacy.

Language: Английский

---

Central Countries' and Brazil's Contributions to Nanotechnology

Current Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 109 - 147

Published: May 26, 2023

Abstract: Nanotechnology is a cornerstone of the scientific advances witnessed over past few years. applications are extensively broad, and an overview main trends worldwide can give insight into most researched areas gaps to be covered. This document presents trend topics three leading countries studying in this area, as well Brazil for comparison. The data mining was made from Scopus database analyzed using VOSviewer Voyant Tools software. More than 44.000 indexed articles published 2010 2020 revealed that responsible highest number United States, China, India, while fifteenth position. Thematic global networks standing-out research health science, energy, wastewater treatment, electronics. In temporal observation, primary are: India (2020), which devoted facing SARS-COV 2; (2019), developing promising strategies combat cancer; China (2018), whit on nanomedicine triboelectric nanogenerators; States (2017) Global tendencies (2018) also related development nanogenerators. collected available GitHub. study demonstrates innovative use data-mining technologies gain comprehensive understanding nanotechnology's contributions highlights diverse priorities nations cutting-edge field.

Language: Английский

---

Nanovaccines for Veterinary Applications

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Disease and death are topics that always interest many scientists. Nanovaccines unquestionably important techniques for increasing efficiency combating zoonotic diseases in recent years. However, the greatest challenge is due to persistent infections animals rapidly evolving pathogens. The present era witnessing a rapid rise number of contagious conditions adaptations pathogenic microbes all living organisms, including animals. control epidemiology most infectious relies on utilization antibiotics, better hygiene prevent infection, disease mitigation vaccinations. Vaccination significant technique preventing lowering prevalence veterinary diseases. DNA plasmid vaccines effective against numerous animal like avian influenza virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis rabies virus dogs cats, canine parvovirus, bovine viral diarrhea, feline immunodeficiency virus. At present, edible available use, but acceptance by population missing controversial. To overcome this challenge, virologists must create awareness about its advantages. Many these used globally combat several As an enticing alternative approach more conventional vaccine platforms, nanoparticle-based or "nanovaccines" have recently come light. Polymer-based nanovaccines offer sustained antigen payload release, maintain such payloads, stimulate improved cell antibody-mediated immune responses, both locally systemically. Recently discovered molecules, liposomes, biodegradable biocompatible polymers, virus-like particles, others, foundation nanovaccine platforms use. cellular humoral systems can be stimulated nanovaccines. Veterinary designed cross blood–brain barrier simple administer via various delivery mechanisms, intravenous, transdermal, oral. Recent studies examined use pullulan chitosan drug delivery, natural biopolymers screened from agricultural wastes. Rapidly emerging, innovative, mimicking biosystems known as "biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs)" also been devised suitable variety biomedical applications. Incredible progress has made implementing advanced versatile technologies based chimeric NPs RNA chaperone functions. Considering massive benefits NP-based vaccines, their applications indeed very promising. This chapter focuses extensive study different domain, mode action, applications, resultant response, regulatory aspects, well technological advancements.

Language: Английский

---

Strategies for developing self-assembled nanoparticle vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

In the recent history of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, vaccines have been a crucial public health tool, playing significant role in effectively preventing infections. However, improving efficacy while minimizing side effects remains major challenge. years, there has growing interest nanoparticle-based delivery systems aimed at antigen efficiency and immunogenicity. Among these, self-assembled nanoparticles with varying sizes, shapes, surface properties garnered considerable attention. This paper reviews latest advancements design development utilizing materials, highlighting their advantages delivering viral immunogens. addition, we briefly discuss strategies for designing broad-spectrum universal vaccine, which provides insights ideas dealing possible future infectious sarbecoviruses.

Language: Английский

---

VP8 Mosaic Nanoparticles Elicit Cross-Neutralizing Immune Responses and Provide Protection Against Heterotypic Rotavirus Challenge in Mice

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(46), P. 31809 - 31822

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) remain one of the dominant pathogens causing diarrhea in children under 5 years age worldwide, despite a sharp decrease RVA-associated and mortality since introduction rotavirus vaccines. The decreased effectiveness live attenuated vaccines, coupled with emergence new genotypes risk cross-species virus transmission, underscores necessity to develop more effective broad-spectrum In this study, we utilized nanoparticles SpyCatcher-SpyTag system effectively display truncated VP8-1 protein. modular monovalent proteins markedly increased immunogenicity VP8-1. Furthermore, bivalent from simian SA11 lamb LLR on same particle not only against homotypic antigens but also elicited robust heterotypic immune responses conferred protection distant sequence identities 62%-66% an adult mouse model. Therefore, mosaic VP8 could be considered as viable strategy for development next-generation vaccine.

Language: Английский

---

Mosaic Receptor Binding Domain Nanoparticles: Towards Fourth-Generation Vaccination

Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(19), P. 1223 - 1226

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotheranostics: Special Focus on Preventing Emerging Variants of SARS-COV-2

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 633 - 647

Published: May 16, 2023

The worldwide emerging cases of various respiratory viral diseases and the current escalation novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) make people considerably attentive to controlling these viruses through innovative methods. Most re-emerging envelop RNA that employ attachment between virus host cell get an entry form using machinery. Emerging variants COVD-19 also bring about a constant threat public health as it has wide infectivity can quickly spread infect humans. This review focuses on insights into investigations prevent progression incipient Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) along with similar enveloped cause illness in humans animals. Nanotheranostics is trailblazing arena nanomedicine simultaneously helps or treat diagnoses. Nanoparticle coating nanofibers were extensively explored, preventing contaminations. Several studies have proven virucidal activities metal nanoparticles like copper, silver, titanium against pathogens. Worldwide many researchers shown surfaces coated ionic zinc act potent antiviral agents viruses. Carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, silica (NPs), polymeric metallic been explored field nanotheranostics detection. In this review, we comprehensively discussed different types metallic, ionic, organic their hybrids showing substantial properties stop focused three key classes: prevention, diagnostics, treatment.

Language: Английский

---