Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(7), P. 3694 - 3812
Published: March 22, 2024
Electrocatalytic
water
splitting
driven
by
renewable
electricity
has
been
recognized
as
a
promising
approach
for
green
hydrogen
production.
Different
from
conventional
strategies
in
developing
electrocatalysts
the
two
half-reactions
of
(e.g.,
and
oxygen
evolution
reactions,
HER
OER)
separately,
there
growing
interest
designing
bifunctional
electrocatalysts,
which
are
able
to
catalyze
both
OER.
In
addition,
considering
high
overpotentials
required
OER
while
limited
value
produced
oxygen,
is
another
rapidly
exploring
alternative
oxidation
reactions
replace
hybrid
toward
energy-efficient
generation.
This
Review
begins
with
an
introduction
on
fundamental
aspects
splitting,
followed
thorough
discussion
various
physicochemical
characterization
techniques
that
frequently
employed
probing
active
sites,
emphasis
reconstruction
during
redox
electrolysis.
The
design,
synthesis,
performance
diverse
based
noble
metals,
nonprecious
metal-free
nanocarbons,
overall
acidic
alkaline
electrolytes,
thoroughly
summarized
compared.
Next,
their
application
also
presented,
wherein
anodic
include
sacrificing
agents
oxidation,
pollutants
oxidative
degradation,
organics
upgrading.
Finally,
concise
statement
current
challenges
future
opportunities
presented
hope
guiding
endeavors
quest
sustainable
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
34(30)
Published: May 25, 2022
Medium-entropy
alloy
aerogels
(MEAAs)
with
the
advantages
of
both
multimetallic
alloys
and
are
promising
new
materials
in
catalytic
applications.
However,
limited
by
immiscible
behavior
different
metals,
achieving
single-phase
MEAAs
is
still
a
grand
challenge.
Herein,
general
strategy
for
preparing
ultralight
3D
porous
lowest
density
39.3
mg
cm-3
among
metal
reported,
through
combining
auto-combustion
subsequent
low-temperature
reduction
procedures.
The
homogenous
mixing
precursors
at
ionic
level
makes
short-range
diffusion
atoms
possible
to
drive
formation
MEAAs.
As
proof
concept
catalysis,
as-synthesized
Ni50
Co15
Fe30
Cu5
exhibit
high
mass
activity
1.62
A
mg-1
specific
132.24
mA
cm-2
toward
methanol
oxidation
reactions,
much
higher
than
those
low-entropy
counterparts.
In
situ
Fourier
transform
infrared
NMR
spectroscopies
reveal
that
can
enable
highly
selective
conversion
formate.
Most
importantly,
methanol-oxidation-assisted
MEAAs-based
water
electrolyzer
achieve
low
cell
voltage
1.476
V
10
making
value-added
formate
anode
H2
cathode,
173
mV
lower
traditional
alkaline
electrolyzers.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
32(47)
Published: Sept. 16, 2022
Abstract
High‐entropy
materials
(HEMs)
have
been
in
the
spotlight
as
emerging
catalysts
for
electrochemical
water
splitting.
In
particular,
HEM
feature
multi‐element
active
sites
and
unsaturated
coordination
well
entropy
stabilization
comparison
with
their
single‐element
counterparts.
Herein,
a
comprehensive
overview
of
used
splitting
is
provided,
covering
both
hydrogen
evolution
reaction
(HER)
oxygen
(OER).
Particularly,
review
begins
discussions
concept
structure
HEMs.
addition,
effective
strategies
rationally
designing
HEMs
on
basis
computational
techniques
experimental
aspects
described.
Importantly,
importance
computationally
aided
methods,
that
is,
density
functional
theory
calculations,
high‐throughput
screening,
machine
learning,
to
discovery
design
HEMs,
Furthermore,
applications
field
electrolysis
are
reviewed.
Eventually,
an
outlook
regarding
prospects
future
opportunities
provided.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
123(22), P. 12507 - 12593
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Electrocatalysis
underpins
the
renewable
electrochemical
conversions
for
sustainability,
which
further
replies
on
metallic
nanocrystals
as
vital
electrocatalysts.
Intermetallic
have
been
known
to
show
distinct
properties
compared
their
disordered
counterparts,
and
long
explored
functional
improvements.
Tremendous
progresses
made
in
past
few
years,
with
notable
trend
of
more
precise
engineering
down
an
atomic
level
investigation
transferring
into
practical
membrane
electrode
assembly
(MEA),
motivates
this
timely
review.
After
addressing
basic
thermodynamic
kinetic
fundamentals,
we
discuss
classic
latest
synthetic
strategies
that
enable
not
only
formation
intermetallic
phase
but
also
rational
control
other
catalysis-determinant
structural
parameters,
such
size
morphology.
We
demonstrate
emerging
nanomaterials
potentially
advancement
energy
electrocatalysis.
Then,
state-of-the-art
characterizations
representative
electrocatalysts
emphasis
oxygen
reduction
reaction
evaluated
a
MEA
setup.
summarize
review
by
laying
out
existing
challenges
offering
perspective
future
research
directions
toward
practicing
conversions.