Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 31, 2024
Abstract
Smart
windows
can
effectively
balance
the
space
temperature
of
buildings
without
compromising
essential
functions
windows.
However,
conventional
thermochromic
have
limited
sunlight
regulation
capabilities
and
face
challenges
with
switching
as
desired.
Herein,
A
class
novel
smart
based
on
crystal
hydrogels
is
introduced
that
achieve
free
between
transparent
(for
heating)
opaque
radiative
cooling)
states
through
thermal
mechanical
stimuli.
The
are
made
from
cross‐linked
polyacrylamide
(PAM)
sodium
acetate
(NaAc).
By
optimizing
concentration
sample
thickness,
combination
excellent
cooling
ability
achieved
at
state
good
low‐temperature
stability
in
hydrogels.
Using
optimized
hydrogel
to
prepare
a
window
equipped
heater
trigger
tip,
rapid
on‐demand
transition
demonstrated.
results
indicate
lowers
temperatures
by
up
9.4
°C
compared
ordinary
maintains
stable
emissivity
reflectivity
even
after
100
cycles
due
its
robust
solar
modulation
capabilities.
This
technology
provides
new
energy‐saving
solutions
for
but
also
explores
future
applications
materials,
showcasing
innovative
advantages
technical
strengths
Materials Horizons,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
summary
of
recent
advancements
in
hydrogel-based
thermochromic
smart
windows,
focusing
on
fabrication,
chromic
mechanisms,
and
improvements
responsiveness,
stability,
energy-saving
performance.
Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
126, P. 98 - 102
Published: Jan. 10, 2025
The
electron-withdrawing
property
of
the
six-unit
ring
containing
three
nitrogen
atoms
in
structure
2,
4,
6-tris
(4-pyridyl)1,3,5-triazine
was
utilized
to
form
with
bipyridine
salts
two
new
viologen
derivatives,
4',
4''-
(1,
3,
5-triazin-2,
6-triyl)
tris
-1-
(but-3-enyl)
pyridine)
(TPBET)
and
5-triazine-2,
1-(4-vinylbenzylpyridine)
(TPSET)
were
prepared
as
electrochromic
devices
(ECDs)
dual-band
wide
optical
modulation.
maximum
transmittance
modulation
ECDs
visible/near-infrared
bands
reaches
82.46
%
78.31
%,
respectively,
its
good
stability
enables
it
maintain
initial
range
91.6
after
1,000
cycles,
which
brings
a
prospect
for
application
smart
windows.
Buildings,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 233 - 233
Published: Jan. 15, 2025
Reducing
energy
consumption
in
buildings
is
critical
to
reducing
CO2
emissions
and
mitigating
global
warming.
Studies
have
shown
that
heating
cooling
loads
account
for
more
than
40%
of
building
consumption,
thermochromic
glass
(TCG)
with
dynamically
adjustable
solar
transmittance
an
excellent
way
reduce
this
load.
Although
a
large
number
studies
tested
the
spectral
parameters
TCG
totally
transparent
turbid
states,
impact
dynamic
changes
optical
properties
on
simulation
accuracy
has
been
neglected.
In
study,
method
proposed
hydrogel-type
test
its
based
spectrophotometry.
The
uses
spectrophotometer
PID
heater
achieve
parameter
testing
TCGs
at
different
temperatures.
paper,
transmission
reflection
spectra
two
20~25
°C,
30~35
40
45
50
55
°C
were
obtained,
regression
segmentation
functions
visible
established.
R2
function
model
0.99.
addition,
results
show
selected
paper
can
selectively
transmit
wavelengths
light,
mainly
occurs
near-infrared
from
320
1420
nm,
while
rate
other
very
low.
As
temperature
increases,
visible,
solar,
ultraviolet
transmittances
decrease
similar
rate.
higher
acting
(TC)
layer,
greater
haze.
Journal of Materials Chemistry C,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
The
PNIPAM/HEMC
hydrogels
exhibited
enhanced
optical
characteristics,
including
elevated
luminous
transmittance
(
T
lum
=
84.98%)
and
augmented
solar
modulation
(Δ
sol
74.97%).
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 24, 2025
Abstract
Solar
heating
through
windows
significantly
increases
thermal
loads
in
buildings,
vehicles,
and
greenhouses.
In
particular,
overheating
parked
vehicles
under
direct
sunlight
poses
serious
safety
risks,
with
numerous
reports
linking
high
interior
temperatures
to
heat‐related
fatalities
among
children
pets.
To
address
this
challenge,
a
durable
thermochromic
hydrogel
dual‐network
structure
of
hydroxypropyl
cellulose
(HPC)
polyacrylamide
(PAAM),
enhanced
by
calcium
chloride
(CaCl
2
)
for
tunable
transition
temperature
is
developed.
Through
ion
chelation
hydrogen
bonding,
the
transitions
between
transparent
opaque
states
across
wide
range
(15–42
°C),
adapting
various
environments.
Encapsulated
acrylic
sheets
as
smart
windows,
achieves
passive
cooling,
reducing
vehicle
up
10
°C
sunlight.
The
material
also
exhibits
excellent
mechanical
strength,
water
retention,
long‐term
stability
(400
cycles),
ensuring
real‐world
reliability.
These
results
demonstrate
hydrogel's
potential
scalable
applications
sustainable
building
facades,
greenhouse
coverings,
offering
an
energy‐efficient,
eco‐friendly
solution
management.
Unlike
existing
technologies
requiring
external
power
or
complex
fabrication,
operates
passively,
making
it
cost‐effective
alternative.
This
innovation
addresses
critical
energy
challenges
while
advancing
next‐generation
energy‐efficient
materials
global
sustainability
goals.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 24, 2025
Abstract
Global
climate
warming
has
dramatically
increased
the
demand
for
space
cooling.
Materials
that
integrate
superior
thermal
insulation
with
passive
daytime
radiative
cooling
properties
hold
significant
promise
reducing
energy
consumption
during
hot
summers.
In
this
study,
conduction‐microwave
heating
assisted
CO
2
foaming
process
is
used
to
optimize
cell
size
and
expansion
ratios,
producing
PMMA/PVDF
foam
an
ultra‐high
ratio
of
120
times
small,
uniform
cells.
The
hydrophobic,
chemically
resistant,
recyclable,
a
negative
Poisson's
structure
gives
it
outstanding
compression
strength,
elasticity,
flexibility,
making
suitable
both
everyday
use
extreme
weather
conditions.
inherent
material
its
confer
low
conductivity
(26.69
mW
m
−1
K
),
high
solar
reflectance
(96.37%),
infrared
emissivity
(97.34%).
This
means
indoor
buildings
can
be
achieved
in
(15
°C
difference
test
results
before
after
use),
meeting
needs
most
countries
around
world.
demonstrates
potential
conservation,
carbon
footprints,
promoting
sustainability,
providing
solution
development
next‐generation
buildings.
Passive
daytime
radiative
cooling
(PDRC)
stands
out
as
an
eco-friendly,
energy-independent
solution,
which
has
emerged
a
field
of
intense
interest
and
extensive
investigation.
In
this
work,
low-thickness
PDRC
coating
with
average
solar
reflectance
93.7%
long-wave
infrared
emittance
98.5%
was
developed
by
combining
the
backscattering
hollow
silica
microspheres
(HSMs)
surface
scattering
TiO2.
A
finite
element
method
simulation
conducted
to
verify
that
HSMs
enhance
performances.
The
synergistic
interaction
between
two
fillers
optimized
their
performance,
leading
high
work
efficiency
significant
reduction
in
filler
loading.
Moreover,
demonstrated
outstanding
performance
both
indoor
outdoor
tests.
Under
summer
temperatures
exceeding
38.9
°C,
wooden
house
model
concrete
slab
were
reduced
5.0
6.3
respectively.
featured
simple
industrial
preparation,
low
cost,
ability
produce
large
volumes,
thereby
providing
viable
path
toward
commercial
scalability.
This
offers
solution
current
challenges
faced
application
coatings.
