The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 103, P. 178 - 199

Published: May 21, 2019

In 2016 the World Health Organization reported 39% of world's adult population (over 18 y) was overweight, with western countries such as Australia and United States America at 64.5% 67.9% respectively. Overconsumption high fat/sugar containing food beverages contribute to development obesity. Neural plasticity that occurs a result long term sugar consumption has been shown reduce impulse control therefore lower ability resist foods contributing obesity epidemic. There is significant overlap between neural pathways involved in emotions guide behavioural responses survival situations those regulating overconsumption highly palatable food. This suggests having clearer understanding role stress will lead novel therapeutic strategies. Sucrose activates mesocorticolimbic system manner synonymous substances abuse. overwhelming evidence support hypothesis sucrose results pathophysiological consequences morphological neuronal changes, altered emotional processing modified behaviour rodent human models. this comprehensive review, we examined >300 studies investigating interaction consumption, emotions. Preclinical clinical trials stress, anxiety, depression fear are reviewed. Importantly, synergy neurobiology addressed. review summarizes neurochemical changes adaptations ö including dopaminergic influence emotion following consumption.

Language: Английский

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Dysregulation of inflammation, neurobiology, and cognitive function in PTSD: an integrative review

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 455 - 480

Published: March 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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Estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos

Medunab, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 195 - 213

Published: July 22, 2020

Introducción. Las epidemias pueden generar angustia en la población general y los profesionales de salud, pandemia causada por el virus del COVID-19 no es excepción. El objetivo presente estudio determinar presencia síntomas estrés laboral, ansiedad miedo al médicos generales, además estimar asociación según ente territorial donde trabajaban. Metodología. Este un transversal que exploró percepciones durante generales colombianos sometidos a cuarentena obligatoria ejercieron su profesión marzo 2020. Previo consentimiento informado, anónima voluntariamente, participantes diligenciaron formulario virtual con preguntas sobre COVID-19. cuestionario buscaba encontrar problemas psicosomáticos sirviéndose Escala para Trastorno Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7, sus siglas inglés) FCV-19S (Fear of COVID-19). Los se clasificaron Municipio capital o laboraban. Regresión logística entre (que acá tomada como variable independiente) ansiedad, laboral este caso tomado dependiente). Resultados: Participaron 531 edad promedio 30 años. 73.3% laboraban capital. Un tercio encuestados presentó leve, mientras 6% alto severo, esto sin diferencias grupos (p<0.05). Se identificaron 72.9%, más frecuente quienes las capitales (p=0.044). 37.1% (FCV-19S). No observó regresión realizada. Discusión: Factores psicosociales asociados son común denominador pandemias. Conclusión: Siete cada diez cuatro presentaron FCV-19S. clasificación municipio

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Activation of the Lateral Habenula‐Ventral Tegmental Area Neural Circuit Contributes to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(22)

Published: May 26, 2022

Abstract Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common and associated with poor outcome. Neural circuit involvement in POCD unknown. Lateral habenula (LHb) that regulates coping depression‐like behaviors after aversive stimuli activated by surgery the previous study. Here, LHb ventral tegmental area (VTA) are presented. VTA known to receive projections from project prefrontal cortex hippocampus. Direct chemogenetic inhibition of or damaging attenuates surgery‐induced learning memory impairment, N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory responses cell injury VTA, activation rostromedial nucleus, an intermediate station connect VTA. preserves dendritic spine density Retrograde via its attenuated observed. induced Inhibition NMDA receptors, dopamine synthesis, stress reduced responses, These results suggest activates LHb‐VTA neural circuit, which contributes neuropathological changes brain. novel findings represent initial evidence for effects.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in fear responses: Neural circuits

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 222, P. 109298 - 109298

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Diverse therapeutic developments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicate common mechanisms of memory modulation

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 239, P. 108195 - 108195

Published: April 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Grey Matter Volume Reductions of the Left Hippocampus and Amygdala in PTSD: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies

Neuropsychobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81(4), P. 257 - 264

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> In recent years, research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) focused the description of different biological correlates illness. Morphological changes brain regions were involved in PTSD neurophysiopathology, being related to trauma or considered a resilience biomarker. this meta-analysis, we aimed investigate grey matter reported magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies patients who have developed compared exposed subjects did not show clinical onset. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We meta-analysed eight peer-reviewed MRI conducted trauma-exposed and results corrected for false positives. then global intergroup comparisons from neuroimaging data two cohorts included subjects. The 250 subjects, including 122 with 128 non-PTSD trauma. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Applying family-wise error correction, individuals showed significant volume reduction large left-sided cluster extended parahippocampal gyrus uncus, amygdala. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These volumetric reductions are major structural correlate can be expression symptoms. Future might consider these other neural correlates, which may lead development applications affected patients.

Language: Английский

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Some key parameters in contextual fear conditioning and extinction in adult rats

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 462, P. 114874 - 114874

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Contextual fear conditioning is a behavioral paradigm used to assess hippocampal-dependent memory in experimental animals. Perception of the context depends on activation distinct population neurons hippocampus and hippocampal-related areas that process discrete aspects perception. In absence any putatively associated cue, becomes salient element may warn an upcoming aversive event; particular conditions, animals generalize this warning new or similar context. study we evaluated effects number sessions, unconditioned stimuli per acquisition session distribution extinction sessions determine under which conditions generalization occurred adult, male rats. We observed organization spacing were relevant factors contextual memories. Extinction with significantly greater robustness when spread over two days. Furthermore, results indicated exposure single 0.3 mA, 0.5 s footshock different could produce context-specific fear, while more footshocks within produced response Notably, occurred, successive re-exposure generalized way paired exposure. Together, present findings identify clear procedural parameters amenable neural systems analysis three clinically outcomes conditioning, i.e., acquisition, storage extinction.

Language: Английский

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Fear conditioning: Insights into learning, memory and extinction and its relevance to clinical disorders

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 138, P. 111310 - 111310

Published: March 6, 2025

Fear, whether innate or learned, is an essential emotion required for survival. The learning, and subsequent memory, of fearful events enhances our ability to recognise respond threats, aiding adaptation new, ever-changing environments. Considerable research has leveraged associative learning protocols such as contextual auditory forms fear conditioning in rodents, understand memory consolidation extinction phases memory. Such assays have led detailed characterisation the underlying neurocircuitry neurobiology supporting processes. Given processing conserved across rodents humans, experiments provide translational insights into fundamental processes fear-related pathologies. This review examines used measure extinction, before providing overview on complex including amygdala, hippocampus medial prefrontal cortex. followed by in-depth commentary neurobiology, particularly synaptic plasticity mechanisms, which regulate extinction. Next, we consider how can inform understanding disrupted human disorders post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety psychiatric schizophrenia. Lastly, critically evaluate protocols, highlighting some experimental theoretical limitations considerations when conducting assays, alongside recent methodological advancements field. Overall, rodent-based remain central making progress uncovering phenomena aetiological mechanisms that underpin associated disorders, development effective therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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The case for hemispheric lateralization of the human amygdala in fear processing

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

The amygdala has increasingly been proposed as a therapeutic target for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the distinct contributions of left and right to various aspects fear processing remain inadequately understood. Here, we critically re-evaluate key findings from human functional neuroimaging lesion studies on conditioning extinction. We propose that while both amygdalae likely make critical processing, is more associated sensory-mediated expression, cognitive-mediated acquisition With accumulating evidence studies, suggest differentially targeting versus ablative or neuromodulatory therapies can be crucial optimizing PTSD treatment.

Language: Английский

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