Parent–child relationship and smartphone use disorder among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of quality of life and the moderating role of educational level

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 101, P. 106065 - 106065

Published: July 30, 2019

Language: Английский

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Teenagers, Sexting, and the Law

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 143(5)

Published: April 15, 2019

The phenomenon of teen sexting emerged as a result the proliferation digital technology. More than 40 studies have established that occurs relatively frequently and is rising trend, commensurate with ubiquity smartphone ownership in teens. Studies shown associated incidences increased sexual behavior. US state laws on vary widely, from decriminalization to misdemeanor charges or prosecution for child pornography harsh sentences. Teen behavior invention outpaced development new laws, this has potential dire legal ramifications Separating consensual nonconsensual actual critical next step law enforcement agencies policy makers catch up In article, we argue teen-to-teen does not warrant involvement but rather health education issue better addressed at home, schools, primary care.

Language: Английский

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Thalamocortical Hyperconnectivity and Amygdala-Cortical Hypoconnectivity in Male Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 16, 2019

Background: Analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have been performed to investigate pathophysiological changes in the brains patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relative typically developing controls (CTLs). However, results these previous studies, which reported mixed patterns hypo- and hyperconnectivity, are controversial, likely due small sample sizes limited age range included participants. Methods: To overcome this issue, we analyzed multisite neuroimaging data from a large (n = 626) male participants aged between 5 29 years (mean 13 years). The rs-fMRI were preprocessed using SPM12 DPARSF software, signal 90 brain regions extracted. Multiple linear regression was used exclude effect site differences connectivity data. Subcortical-cortical computed connectivities hippocampus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, thalamus. Eighty-eight each structure compared ASD CTLs multiple group, age, × group interactions, head movement parameters, overall as variables. Results: After correcting for comparisons, exhibited significant increases thalamus 19 cortical distributed throughout fronto-parietal lobes, including temporo-parietal junction posterior cingulate cortices. In addition, there decreases amygdala six regions. mean size hyperconnectivity (0.25) greater than that hypoconnectivity (0.08). No other subcortical structures showed differences. A group-by-age interaction observed motor-somatosensory areas. Conclusions: These demonstrate associated more related thalamocortical amygdala-cortical hypoconnectivity. Future studies should examine full sets clinical behavioral symptoms combination explore possible biomarkers ASD.

Language: Английский

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Pubertal maturation and sex effects on the default-mode network connectivity implicated in mood dysregulation

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2019

This study examines the effects of puberty and sex on intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) brain networks, with a focus default-mode network (DMN). Consistently implicated in depressive disorders, DMN's function may interact development these whose onsets peak adolescence, which show strong disproportionality (females > males). The main question concerns how DMN evolves as sex. These are expected to involve within- between-network iFC, particularly, salience central-executive consistent Triple-Network Model. Resting-state scans an adolescent community sample (n = 304, male/female: 157/147; mean/std age: 14.6/0.41 years), from IMAGEN database, were analyzed using AFNI software suite data reduction strategy for Three midline regions (medial prefrontal, pregenual anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate), within consistently mood selected seeds. Within- clusters iFC changed pubertal maturation differently boys girls (puberty-X-sex). Specifically, predicted weaker stronger boys. Finally, was than independently puberty. Brain-behavior associations indicated that lower cingulate seed higher internalizing symptoms at 2-year follow-up. In conclusion, signal disconnections among circuits supporting regulation, conferring risk disorders.

Language: Английский

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Developmental trajectories to reduced activation of positive valence systems: A review of biological and environmental contributions

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 100791 - 100791

Published: April 27, 2020

Reduced activation of positive valence systems (PVS), including blunted neural and physiological responses to pleasant stimuli rewards, has been shown prospectively predict the development psychopathology. Yet, little is known about how reduced PVS emerges across or what implications it for prevention. We review genetic, temperament, parenting, naturalistic laboratory stress research on measures outline developmentally-informed models trajectories activation. function partly heritable appears reflect individual differences in early-emerging temperament traits. Although lab-induced stressors blunt activation, effects parenting are mixed depend type stressor, developmental timing, interactions amongst risk factors. propose that there may be multiple, dynamic which combinations genes, exposure severe, prolonged, uncontrollable exert direct interactive function. Critically, these factors alter and/or sensitivity proximal stressors. Distinct converge such proceeds along a typical, accelerated, chronically low, stress-reactive trajectory. Finally, we present directions future with translational implications.

Language: Английский

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