Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 27, 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The impacts of may be beyond respiratory system, also affecting mental health. Several factors involved in association between COVID-19 and psychiatric outcomes, such as fear inherent pandemic, adverse effects treatments, well financial stress social isolation. Herein we discuss growing evidence suggesting that relationship SARS-CoV-2 host trigger changes brain behavior. Based on similarity with other coronaviruses, it conceivable endocrine immune response periphery or central nervous system infection impaired This likely to further enhanced, since millions people worldwide are isolated quarantine minimize transmission isolation can lead neuroendocrine-immune changes. Accordingly, highlight here hypothesis interactions negative issues.

Language: Английский

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The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Social isolation and discrimination are growing public health concerns associated with poor physical mental health. They risk factors for increased morbidity mortality reduced quality of life. Despite their detrimental effects on health, there is a lack knowledge regarding translation across the domains experimental research, clinical studies, real-life applications. Here, we review synthesize evidence from basic research in animals humans to interventions. Animal models indicate that social separation stress, particularly early life, activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis interacts monoaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, inducing long-lasting reductions serotonin turnover alterations dopamine receptor sensitivity. These findings particular importance human as stress same systems have been implicated addictive, psychotic, affective disorders. Children may be vulnerable due lasting developing brain. The loneliness pronounced context exclusion racism, during widespread infectious disease related containment strategies such quarantine, older persons sociodemographic changes. This highlights new inclusion outreach, including gender, culture, socially sensitive telemedicine digital interventions care.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Objective and Perceived Social Isolation on Cardiovascular and Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(16)

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Background Social isolation, the relative absence of or infrequency contact with different types social relationships, and loneliness (perceived isolation) are associated adverse health outcomes. Objective To review observational intervention research that examines impact isolation on cardiovascular brain discuss proposed mechanisms for observed associations. Methods We conducted a systematic scoping available research. searched 4 databases, PubMed, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health, Scopus. Findings Evidence is most consistent direct association between loneliness, coronary heart disease stroke mortality. However, data failure, dementia, cognitive impairment sparse less robust. Few studies have empirically tested mediating pathways outcomes using appropriate methods explanatory analyses. Notably, effect estimates small, there may be unmeasured confounders Research in groups at higher risk more vulnerable to effects limited. did not find any sought reduce Conclusions common appear independent factors worse health; however, consistency associations varies by outcome. There need develop, implement, test interventions improve individuals who socially isolated lonely.

Language: Английский

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Green space and loneliness: A systematic review with theoretical and methodological guidance for future research

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 847, P. 157521 - 157521

Published: July 22, 2022

Persistent loneliness troubles people across the life span, with prevalence as high 61 % in some groups. Urban greening may help to reduce population health impacts of and its concomitants, such hopelessness despair. However, literature lacks both a critical appraisal extant evidence conceptual model explain how green space would work structural intervention. Both are needed guide decision making further research. We conducted systematic review quantitative studies testing associations between loneliness, searching seven databases. Twenty two were identified by 25/01/2022. Most high-income countries fifteen (68 %) had cross-sectional designs. Green was measured inconsistently using either objective or subjective indicators. Few examined specific types qualities. The majority general (e.g. UCLA scale). Different (social, emotional, existential) not analysed. Of 132 associations, 88 (66.6 indicated potential protection from against 44 (33.3 reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05). integrated these findings qualitative elaborate extend existing pathway domain linking health. These elaborations extensions acknowledge following: (a) different have implications for loneliness; (b) multilevel circumstances influence likelihood person will benefit suffer harm space; (c) personal, relational, collective processes operate within domains pathways concomitants; (d) concomitants explicitly positioned mediators broader causal system that links wellbeing. This provide guidance epidemiological research on loneliness.

Language: Английский

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Social participation and risk of developing dementia

Nature Aging, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(5), P. 532 - 545

Published: May 18, 2023

The increasing number of people with dementia globally illustrates the urgent need to reduce dementia's scale and impact. Lifetime social participation may affect risk by cognitive reserve, through brain maintenance reducing stress improving cerebrovascular health. It therefore have important implications for individual behavior public health policy aimed at burden. Observational study evidence indicates that greater in midlife late life is associated 30–50% lower subsequent risk, although some this not be causal. Social interventions led improved cognition but, partly due short follow-up small numbers participants, no reduction dementia. We summarize linking dementia, discuss potential mechanisms which likely mitigate impact neuropathology brain, consider future clinical prevention interventions. This Review provides evidence-based update on association between interaction authors propose a framework promote as preventative strategy against

Language: Английский

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Association of social isolation and loneliness with risk of incident hospital-treated infections: an analysis of data from the UK Biobank and Finnish Health and Social Support studies

The Lancet Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. e109 - e118

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Although loneliness and social isolation have been linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease dementia, their association with the severe infection is uncertain. We aimed examine associations between hospital-treated infections using data from two independent cohort studies.We assessed incident for participants UK Biobank study aged 38-73 years at baseline nationwide population-based Finnish Health Social Support (HeSSup) 20-54 baseline. For inclusion in study, had be national health registries, no history or before baseline, complete on isolation. Participants missing infections, loneliness, were excluded both cohorts. The outcome was defined a hospital admission primary diagnosis infection, ascertained via linkage electronic records.After exclusion 8·6 million not responding providing appropriate consent, consisted 456 905 (249 586 women 207 319 men). 26 860 (6·2%) 436 001 available reported being lonely 40 428 (9·0%) 448 114 socially isolated. During median 8·9 (IQR 8·0-9·6) follow-up, 51 361 admitted due infectious disease. After adjustment age, sex, demographic lifestyle factors, morbidities, associated (hazard ratio [HR] 1·12 [95% CI 1·07-1·16]), whereas (HR 1·01 0·97-1·04]). Of 64 797 individuals HeSSup cohort, 18 468 (11 367 7101 men) eligible inclusion. 4466 (24·4%) 296 1776 (9·7%) 376 follow-up 10·0 10·0-10·1), 814 (4·4%) HRs replicated those (multivariable-adjusted HR 1·32 1·06-1·64]; 1·08 [0·87-1·35] isolation).Loneliness might increase susceptibility although magnitude this effect appears modest residual confounding cannot excluded. Interventional studies are required policy recommendations can advance.Academy Finland, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust UK.

Language: Английский

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Plasma proteomic signatures of social isolation and loneliness associated with morbidity and mortality

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Stress and Symptom Burden in Oncology Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 60(5), P. e25 - e34

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19 in the geriatric population

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(12), P. 1437 - 1441

Published: Aug. 4, 2020

The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused rapid and monumental changes around the world. Older people, who already experience higher rates of social isolation loneliness, are more susceptible to adverse effects as a result distancing protocols enacted slow spread COVID-19. Based on prior outbreaks, we speculate detrimental outcomes offer solutions.Reviewing literature loneliness mortality in older population. Utilizing psychological study from major outbreaks such SARS, Ebola, H1N1 influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome predictions susceptibility geriatric age group.Organizations WHO, Centers for Disease Control, American Association Retired Persons have put measures place provide networking local, regional, national level. These efforts designed start mitigating effects. A necessary follow-up this will be gathering data unique populations community, better mitigate given certainty that not last viral outbreak.The results worsened is associated with significantly increased morbidity Various solutions including virtual interactions loved ones, engaging physical activity, continuing any spiritual or religious prayers remotely, community services aid population all minimize loneliness.

Language: Английский

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More green, less lonely? A longitudinal cohort study

International Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 99 - 110

Published: April 13, 2021

Urban greening may reduce loneliness by offering opportunities for solace, social reconnection and supporting processes such as stress relief. We (i) assessed associations between residential green space cumulative incidence of, relief from, over 4 years; (ii) explored contingencies age, sex, disability cohabitation status.Multilevel logistic regressions of change in status 8049 city-dwellers 2013 (baseline) 2017 (follow-up) the Household, Income Labour Dynamics Australia study. Associations with objectively measured discrete green-space buffers (e.g. parks) (<400, <800 <1600 m) were adjusted disability, status, children socio-economic variables. Results translated into absolute risk reductions per 10% increase urban greening.The rose from 15.9% to 16.9% however, a within 1.6 km was associated lower incident [odds ratio (OR) = 0.927, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.862 0.996; reduction 0.66%]. Stronger association observed people living alone (OR 0.828, CI 0.725 0.944). In comparison <10% space, ORs 0.833 (95% 0.695 0.997), 0.790 0.624 1.000) 0.736 0.549 0.986) 10-20%, 20-30% >30% respectively. Compared reference group 13.78% years conservatively assuming no impact on loneliness, 1.70%, 2.26% 2.72% populations These stronger again alone, 10-20% 0.608, 0.448 0.826), 0.649, 0.436 0.966) 0.480, 0.278 0.829) 1600 m. No sex or disability-related contingencies, 400 800 m reported at baseline observed.A among more home, especially alone. Potential biopsychosocial mechanisms warrant investigation.

Language: Английский

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