Total Recall: Lateral Habenula and Psychedelics in the Study of Depression and Comorbid Brain Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(18), P. 6525 - 6525

Published: Sept. 7, 2020

Depression impacts the lives and daily activities of millions globally. Research into neurobiology lateral habenula circuitry use psychedelics for treating depressive states has emerged in last decade as new directions to devise interventional strategies therapies. Several clinical trials using deep brain stimulation habenula, or ketamine, that target serotonergic system such psilocybin are also underway. The promising early results these fields require cautious optimism further evidence from experiments conducted animal systems ecologically relevant settings, a larger number human studies with improved spatiotemporal neuroimaging, accumulates. Designing optimal methods intervention will be aided by an improvement our understanding common genetic molecular factors underlying disorders comorbid depression, well characterization psychedelic-induced changes at level. Advances cerebral organoids offers approach rapid progress towards goals. Here, we review developments fast-moving areas research discuss potential future directions.

Language: Английский

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How to train your dragon: absolute conditioning in larval dragonflies

The Science of Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(4)

Published: June 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neuroendocrinology of reproductive behavior

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 199 - 221

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive analysis of behavioral dynamics in the protochordateCiona intestinalis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Abstract Vertebrate nervous systems can generate a remarkable diversity of behaviors. However, our understanding how behaviors may have evolved in the chordate lineage is limited by lack neuroethological studies leveraging closest invertebrate relatives. Here we combine high-throughput video acquisition with pharmacological perturbations bioamine signaling to systematically reveal global structure motor behavioral repertoire Ciona intestinalis larvae. Most Ciona’s postural variance be captured six basic shapes, which term “Eigencionas”. Motif analysis time series further demonstrated that bioamines influence numerous stereotyped maneuvers including “startle-like” and “beat-and-glide”. Employing computational modeling swimming dynamics spatio-temporal embedding features revealed subtle behavioural differences are generated at levels modules transitions between, both modulated bioamines. Finally, show flexible module usage gives rise diverse response different light stimuli.

Language: Английский

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An extended epiphenotype for an extended phenotype in Toxoplasma gondii infected feral house mice

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(4), P. 845 - 851

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Abstract Parasitism of mice by Toxoplasma gondii reduces the host's aversion to cat odours, likely increasing predation and transmission parasite its definitive host. This behavioural change suggests a parasitic manipulation where host behaviour becomes an extended phenotype parasite. Independently, epigenetic changes within organism are now known create change. The results described here provide experimental connection between these disparate strands phenotypes role epigenetics in diversity. Using captured on Kangaroo Island Australia, we demonstrate that infection leads specific DNA hypomethylation events brain. Previous laboratory studies have shown underlie central processing odours. We posit concept can be expanded epiphenotype, thus linking genes through epigenesis. phenomenon has broad implications for inter‐species relationships. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Large captivity effect based on gene expression comparisons between captive and wild shrew brains

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 3, 2023

ABSTRACT Compared to their free-ranging counterparts, wild animals in captivity are subject different conditions with lasting effects on physiology and behavior. Alterations gene expression response environmental changes occur upstream of physiological behavioral phenotypes, but there no experiments analyzing differential captive vs. mammals. We assessed profiles three brain regions (cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus) juvenile shrews ( Sorex araneus ) comparison kept for two months. found hundreds differentially expressed genes all regions, suggesting a large uniform effect. Many the downregulated significantly enrich pathways associated neurodegenerative disease (p<0.001), oxidative phosphorylation encoding ribosomal proteins (p<0.001). Transcriptomic shrew resemble responses identified several human pathologies, such as major depressive disorder neurodegeneration. Thus, not only does impact function expression, may also confound analyses natural processes individuals under conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is first study that identifies effect transcriptomic mammalian species, identifying 4,094 (p<0.05) at least one region implications experimental comparisons.

Language: Английский

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Social plasticity and decision making

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1785, P. 147890 - 147890

Published: March 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Using DeepLabCut to study sexual behaviour in the lab and the wild

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Traditional methods study non-human sexual behaviour by manual annotations of selected parameters, which can create errors. These limitations be addressed using the multi-animal pose-estimation toolbox, DeepLabCut. It automatically identifies body parts that used to infer behaviour. Some recordings are very low-resolution. This is problematic for DeepLabCut because annotator cannot accurately identify parts. To circumvent this, we labelled frames from high-resolution videos, followed customised data augmentation during neural network training. Simple Behavioral Analysis was generate random forest classifiers male behaviours. There a wide range errors between human-labelled and machine-identified parts, behavioural did not match annotations. In addition lab, neuroscientists need in wild, facilitate understanding diversity across species, ecosystems evolution. Camera traps commonly capture but it extremely time-consuming manually review camera trap datasets usually hundreds thousands millions images. address MegaDetector animals dataset Wellington, New Zealand. Following that, Model Zoo pose estimation enabled us screen images where were physically interacting. However, potential had been fully realised this use case, due difficulty model these

Language: Английский

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The holy grail of longevity research

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 23, 2022

A new technology to study physiology and cognition elevates African turquoise killifish as a model organism for studies of aging in vertebrates.

Language: Английский

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