Abstract
The
current
philosophical
discussion
about
disagreement
among
epistemic
peers
may
seem
to
provide
a
direct
route
Pyrrhonic
scepticism,
but
that
appearance
is
misleading.
Real
rarity
because
no
two
people
are
actually
except
in
circumstances
where
what’s
at
question
vary
narrowly
constrained.
Only
such
should
lead
the
suspension
of
judgment
or
belief
advocates.
Apart
from
illusory
easy
road,
Pyrrhonism
can
be
seen
as
either
global
local.
Global
fails
it
relies
on
arguments
have
been
undermined
by
earlier
material
this
book.
Local
Pyrrhonism,
which
argues
for
particular
cases,
one
one,
also
upon
several
implicit
general
assumptions,
all
undercut
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(47), P. 7946 - 7957
Published: Sept. 22, 2023
Perception
has
been
proposed
to
result
from
the
integration
of
feedforward
sensory
signals
with
internally
generated
feedback
signals.
Feedback
are
believed
play
an
important
role
in
driving
false
percepts,
that
is,
seeing
things
not
actually
there.
Feedforward
and
influences
on
perception
can
be
studied
using
layer-specific
fMRI,
which
we
used
here
interrogate
neural
activity
underlying
high-confidence
percepts
while
healthy
human
participants
(
Cerebral Cortex,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 21, 2024
Abstract
Studying
subjective
experience
is
hard.
We
believe
that
pain
not
identical
to
nociception,
nor
pleasure
a
computational
reward
signal,
fear
the
activation
of
“threat
circuitry”.
Unfortunately,
introspective
self-reports
offer
our
best
bet
for
accessing
experience,
but
many
still
introspection
“unreliable”
and
“unverifiable”.
But
which
introspection’s
faults
do
we
find
most
damning?
Is
it
provides
imperfect
access
brain
processes
(e.g.
perception,
memory)?
That
objectively
verifiable?
hard
isolate
from
non-subjective
processing
capacity?
Here,
I
argue
none
these
prevents
us
building
meaningful,
impactful
psychophysical
research
program
treats
as
valid
empirical
target
through
precisely
characterizing
relationships
among
environmental
variables,
behavior,
self-reported
phenomenology.
Following
recent
similar
calls
by
Peters
(Towards
canonical
computations
generating
phenomenal
experience.
2022.
Neurosci
Biobehav
Rev:
142,
104903),
Kammerer
Frankish
(What
forms
could
systems
take?
A
programme.
2023.
J
Conscious
Stud
30:13–48),
Fleming
(Metacognitive
psychophysics
in
humans,
animals,
AI.
30:113–128),
“introspective
psychophysics”
thus
apparent
features,
bugs—just
noise
distortions
linking
environment
behavior
inspired
Fechner’s
over
150
years
ago.
This
next
generation
will
establish
powerful
tool
testing
precise
explanatory
models
phenomenology
across
dimensions—urgency,
emotion,
clarity,
vividness,
confidence,
more.
Consciousness and Cognition,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
129, P. 103821 - 103821
Published: Feb. 4, 2025
A
minority
of
people
(Aphantasics)
report
an
inability
to
visualise.
Aphantasia
has
been
linked
Autism
-
a
neurodevelopmental
condition
affecting
social
interactions.
There
is
risk
circular
logic
informing
proposed
links,
as
the
most
popular
metric
autistic
traits,
Autism-Spectrum
Quotient
(AQ),
Imagination
subscale
with
items
relating
directly
and
indirectly
imagery.
We
tested
for
inter-relationships
between
imagery
vividness
ratings
expression
using
metrics
that
do
not
encompass
subscale.
also
conducted
hierarchical
linear
regression
analyses
assess
contributions
different
AQ
scores
inter-relationships.
Only
in
our
highest-powered
study
(N
=
308)
were
we
able
detect
weak
inter-relationship
imagery,
independent
suggest
only
should
exist,
many
describe
themselves
visual
thinkers
who
have
strong
Abstract
Quine’s
proposal
to
replace
traditional
epistemology
with
a
special
science
is
still
live
topic
for
discussion.
There
are
several
puzzles
about
just
how
understand
his
proposal,
particularly
since
so
many
features
of
it,
when
examined
closely,
really
traditional,
not
revolutionary.
But
one
aspect
points
in
productive
direction:
our
knowledge
challenged,
the
only
place
we
can
start
what
already
know.
Quine
invokes
entire
modern
scientific
enterprise
as
that
starting
point.
A
much
more
useful
way
it
agent
starts
from,
however
limited
or
expansive
might
be.
All
agents
have
some
degree
knowledge,
and
cognitively
sophisticated
(i.e.,
capable
metacognition
aware
at
least
justifications)
should
presume
they
know
things
(and
things).
Abstract
The
current
philosophical
discussion
about
disagreement
among
epistemic
peers
may
seem
to
provide
a
direct
route
Pyrrhonic
scepticism,
but
that
appearance
is
misleading.
Real
rarity
because
no
two
people
are
actually
except
in
circumstances
where
what’s
at
question
vary
narrowly
constrained.
Only
such
should
lead
the
suspension
of
judgment
or
belief
advocates.
Apart
from
illusory
easy
road,
Pyrrhonism
can
be
seen
as
either
global
local.
Global
fails
it
relies
on
arguments
have
been
undermined
by
earlier
material
this
book.
Local
Pyrrhonism,
which
argues
for
particular
cases,
one
one,
also
upon
several
implicit
general
assumptions,
all
undercut
