Integrating Threat Conditioning and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) to Advance the Study of Anxiety-Related Psychopathology

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Theoretical and methodological research on threat conditioning provides important neuroscience-informed approaches to studying fear anxiety. The framework is at the vanguard of physiological neurobiological into core mechanistic symptoms anxiety-related psychopathology, providing detailed models neural circuitry underlying variability in clinically-relevant behaviors (e.g., decreased extinction, heightened generalization) heterogeneity clinical anxiety presentations. Despite strengths approach explaining symptom-level syndromal heterogeneity, vast majority psychopathology-oriented work has been conducted using Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) paradigm. Unfortunately, DSM categorizations fail capture resolution afforded by indices. Further, relations between fine-grained neurobehavioral measures specific are substantially attenuated within-category arbitrary boundaries, comorbidity, limited reliability DSM. Conversely, Hierarchical Taxonomy Psychopathology (HiTOP) a promising for modeling studied relating broader constructs. To date, HiTOP had minimal impact field. Here, we propose that combining an next step pathology. We provide brief review prominent critiques how they affect studies suggest solutions recommendations flow from perspective. Our hope this effort serves as both inflection point practical primer HiTOP-aligned benefits fields.

Language: Английский

Causally probing the role of the human hippocampus in fear discrimination: A precision functional mapping guided TMS study in individuals with post-traumatic stress symptoms

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 26, 2023

Abstract Fear overgeneralization is a potential pathogenic mechanism of anxiety-related disorders. A dominant model posits that occurs when the hippocampus fails to distinctly encode benign stimuli with insufficient similarity previously encountered fear cues, triggering excessive retrieval stored representations. This has cross-species support but not been causally tested in humans. developing literature demonstrates hippocampal network targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (HNT-TMS) can strengthen hippocampal-dependent memory encoding. Building on this literature, we hypothesized HNT-TMS would encoding perceptually similar and thereby reduce errors (i.e., sharpen discrimination) participants post-traumatic stress symptoms. We predicted effect emerge for as measured by Farmer Task neutral Mnemonic Similarity Task. Continuous theta-burst (cTBS) was delivered individualized left posterior-parietal targets derived via precision functional mapping, seed-based connectivity, electric-field modeling methods. vertex control target also stimulated within-subject design (final N = 25). Multilevel models did reveal significant interactions between or stimulus discrimination. However, strengthened discrimination lower sensitization, indexed responsivity unrelated CS+. Sensitization reflects indiscriminate responding CS + expected engage matching function. Our findings therefore indicate may selectively function more strongly engaged.

Language: Английский