The Neuropsychology of Anxiety

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the volume Oxford Psychology Series, and it quickly established itself classic work on subject. It second edition (appearing 2000) have been cited at a steadily increasing rate passing 500/year 2017. field has continued to expand last quarter century necessitating this third edition. This completely updated revised (with many figures converted colour) retains original core concepts while expanding often simplifying details. includes new chapter prefrontal cortex, which integrates frontal hippocampal views anxiety an extensively modified personality providing basis for further developments Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. book is essential postgraduate students researchers experimental psychology neuroscience, well all clinical psychologists psychiatrists.

Language: Английский

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Psychological resilience mediates the protective role of default-mode network functional connectivity against COVID-19 vicarious traumatization

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 29, 2023

Abstract Vicarious traumatization (VT), a negative reaction to witnessing others’ trauma, has been experienced by some people during the COVID-19 pandemic, and can lead mental health problems. This study aimed identify functional brain markers of COVID-specific VT explore psychological mechanism underlying brain-VT link. One hundred healthy participants underwent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging before pandemic (October 2019–January 2020) completed measurement (February–April 2020). Whole-brain correlation analysis based on global connectivity density (FCD) mapping revealed that was negatively correlated with FCD in right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) (i.e., lower ITG, worse VT), identified onto known large-scale networks as part default-mode network (DMN). Resting-state (RSFC) using ITG seed found predicted between other DMN regions including left medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal superior frontal gyrus, parietal lobule bilateral precuneus ITG-DMN connectivity, VT). Mediation analyses suggested resilience served mediator these associations RSFC VT. Our results provide novel evidence basis emphasize an important link from COVID-specific-VT. may facilitate public interventions helping individuals at risk stress- trauma-related psychopathologies.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the genetic underpinnings of neuroticism: A Mendelian randomization study of druggable gene targets

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 370, P. 147 - 158

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neuroanatomical signatures associated with dispositional optimism predict COVID-19-related posttraumatic stress symptoms

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(15), P. 9387 - 9398

Published: June 7, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been increasingly documented to cause negative impacts on mental health outcomes, e.g. posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Dispositional optimism ("optimism" hereinafter), a crucial psychological characteristic defined by positive expectancies for future is considered provide remarkable protection against PTSS. Accordingly, this study was designed identify neuroanatomical signatures of and further examine the mechanism through which protects COVID-19-specific Here, 115 volunteers from general population university students completed MRI scans tests before (October 2019-January 2020) after (February-April onset pandemic. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analysis showed that region dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) dorsomedial prefrontal (dmPFC) associated with optimism. Further seed-based structural covariance network (SCN) using partial least-squares correlation found an optimism-linked SCN covarying combined dACC dmPFC (the dACC-dmPFC). Additionally, mediation analyses revealed dACC-dmPFC volume its impacted PTSS Our findings deepen understanding have potential vulnerable individuals during or similar events, as well guide optimism-related neural interventions prevent alleviate

Language: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms underlying human spatial cognitive ability revealed with neurotransmitter and transcriptomic mapping

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(23), P. 11320 - 11328

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Abstract Mental rotation, one of the cores spatial cognitive abilities, is closely associated with processing and general intelligence. Although brain underpinnings mental rotation have been reported, cellular molecular mechanisms remain unexplored. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging, a whole-brain distribution atlas 19 neurotransmitter receptors, transcriptomic data from Allen Human Brain Atlas, performances 356 healthy individuals to identify genetic/molecular foundation rotation. We found significant associations performance gray matter volume fractional amplitude low-frequency fluctuations in primary visual cortex, fusiform gyrus, sensory-motor default mode network. Gray these areas also exhibited sex differences. Importantly, correlation analyses were conducted between patterns or receptors data, identified related genes These are localized on X chromosome mainly involved trans-synaptic signaling, transmembrane transport, hormone response. Our findings provide initial evidence for neural underlying ability.

Language: Английский

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The conscious processing of emotion in depression disorder: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 28, 2023

Depression is generally accompanied by a disturbed conscious processing of emotion, which manifests as negative bias to facial/voice emotion information and decreased accuracy in recognition tasks. Several studies have proved that abnormal brain activation was responsible for the deficit function depression. However, altered related depression incongruent among studies. Therefore, we conducted an likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis better understand underlying neurophysiological mechanism depression.Electronic databases were searched using search terms "depression," "emotion recognition," "neuroimaging" from inceptions April 10th, 2023. We retrieved trials explored neuro-responses depressive patients explicit Two investigators independently performed literature selection, data extraction, risk assessment. The spatial consistency facial expressions calculated ALE. robustness results examined Jackknife sensitivity analysis.We 11,365 articles total, 28 included. In overall analysis, found increased activity middle temporal gyrus, superior parahippocampal cuneus, inferior parietal lobule, insula, frontal gyrus. response positive stimuli, showed hyperactivity medial insula (uncorrected p < 0.001). When receiving higher precentral precuneus, gyrus 0.001).Among patients, broad spectrum areas involved processing. regions different or stimuli. Due potential clinical heterogeneity, findings should be treated with caution.https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-11-0057/, identifier: 2022110057.

Language: Английский

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Intrinsic brain activity is increasingly complex and develops asymmetrically during childhood and early adolescence

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 120225 - 120225

Published: June 17, 2023

A large body of evidence suggests that brain signal complexity (BSC) may be an important indicator healthy functioning or alternately, a harbinger disease and dysfunction. However, despite recent progress our current understanding how BSC emerges evolves in large-scale networks, the factors shape these dynamics, remains limited. Here, we utilized resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (rs-fNIRS) to capture characterize nature time course dynamics within networks 107 participants ranging from 6-13 years age. Age-dependent increases spontaneous were observed predominantly higher-order association areas including default mode (DMN) attentional (ATN) networks. Our results also revealed asymmetrical developmental patterns specific dorsal ventral ATN with former showing left-lateralized latter demonstrating right-lateralized increase BSC. These age-dependent laterality shifts appeared more pronounced females compared males. Lastly, using machine-learning model, showed is reliable predictor chronological Higher-order such as DMN demonstrated most robust prognostic power for predicting ages previously unseen individuals. Taken together, findings offer new insights into spatiotemporal intrinsic evolve over childhood adolescence, suggesting network-based measure represents promising approach tracking normative development potentially aid early detection atypical trajectories.

Language: Английский

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Brain structure and functional connectivity linking childhood cumulative trauma to COVID‐19 vicarious traumatization

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(11), P. 1407 - 1418

Published: April 17, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused some individuals to experience vicarious traumatization (VT), an adverse psychological reaction those who are primarily traumatized, which may negatively impact one's mental health and well-being been demonstrated vary with personal trauma history. neural mechanism of VT how past history affects current remain largely unknown. This study aimed identify neurobiological markers that track individual differences in reveal the link between childhood cumulative (CCT) VT.

Language: Английский

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Extraversion and the Brain: A Coordinate‐Based Meta‐Analysis of Functional Brain Imaging Studies on Positive Affect

Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

ABSTRACT Objective Extraversion is a fundamental personality dimension that contributes to an individual's overall health and well‐being. Many studies have examined the neural bases of extraversion but these results are inconsistent. This study adopted meta‐analysis approach examine brain activity correlates by incorporating functional neuroimaging in context positive affect/emotional stimuli. Methods A systematic literature search was performed databases PubMed, Web Science Core Collection, Embase, PsycInfo, CNKI, WanFang, Weipu. The demographic characteristics basic information included were first summarized. Then, conducted using anisotropic effect‐size seed‐based d mapping. Jackknife sensitivity analysis next reliability findings. Finally, meta‐regression test potential effects (i.e., sex age) on association between activity. Results total 11 meta‐analysis. revealed robust consistent correlations activation right inferior frontal gyrus/insula, angular gyrus, left precentral gyrus during affect processing. In contrast, striatum processing negatively associated with extraversion. Additionally, as moderator relationship insular activation. Conclusions Overall, our provide comprehensive understanding patterns extraversion, which may be helpful for targeting specific regions personalized interventions extraversion‐related psychological/physical illness.

Language: Английский

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Associations between childhood maltreatment and personality traits in individuals with and without depression: a CTQ-based assessment

BMC Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Prior research has established a correlation between childhood maltreatment (CM) and personality traits. The current understanding regarding the potential variability in relationship CM its impact on dimensions among those with major depressive disorder (MDD) healthy controls (HCs) remains elusive. This study analyzes association traits MDD HC groups. recruited 188 individuals 132 HC. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess CM, Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) We 2*2 analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) diagnosis 16PF, hierarchical regression explored specific types 16PF both ANCOVA results indicated significant interaction effects traits, CM's notably different In group, sexual abuse (SA) independently predicted subscale Q1 (Openness Change), related Big Five's openness. emotional (EA) subscales C (emotional stability), O (apprehension), Q4(tension), linked neuroticism. findings highlight early adversity development, informing psychology guiding tailored therapy development.

Language: Английский

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